品質眾生相 (56-60 ):

品質眾生相 (60 ):

Michelin announces voluntary recall of 100K tires
Boston.com
WASHINGTON (AP) — Michelin is voluntarily recalling 100,000 tires after a retailer discovered that some had holes and quickly deflated. The recall affects certain sizes of Michelin's LTX M/S 2, X Radial LT2 and Latitude Tour tires. The tires are ...
Michelin announces voluntary recall of 100K tires - Yahoo! Finance
From Yahoo! Finance: WASHINGTON (AP) — Michelin is voluntarily recalling 100000 tires after a retailer discovered that some had holes and quickly deflated.
finance.yahoo.com/.../michelin-announces-voluntary-recall-10...

Michelin announces voluntary recall of 100K tires - KGUN9.com Michelin is voluntarily recalling 100000 tires after a retailer discovered that some had holes and quickly deflated. www.kgun9.com/.../Michelin-announces-voluntary-recall-of-1...

Michelin announces voluntary recall of 100K tires | kare11.com WASHINGTON - Michelin is voluntarily recalling 100,000 tires after a retailer discovered that some had holes and quickly deflated. The recall affects certain sizes ... www.kare11.com/.../Michelin-announces-voluntary-recall-of-...

Michelin announces voluntary recall of 100,000 tires typically used ... Michelin is voluntarily recalling 100000 tires after a retailer discovered that some had holes and quickly deflated. The recall affects certain sizes of Michelin's LTX ...

品質眾生相 (59 )
2005.8.25

另一則是日本 Kanebo COSMETICS - [東京都港区。] 化粧品全般の開発、製造、販売。新製品情報、ブランドの紹介。

Kanebo*最高主管等舞弊（造假帳），必須清理-轉賣

-----
Japan firm widens recall after skin stain complaints
New York Daily News
Cosmetics maker Kanebo said Tuesday more than 2,000 Japanese had complained about skin discolouring after using its whitening products, as it widened its consumer recall outside Japan. The company also said it had agreed to pay medical costs for ...

Onionhead Cerebrum

7月4日 15:07 ·

有使用「佳麗寶」的「Impress」、「Blanchir Superior」、「RMK」系列的美白產品的愛用戶，照過來。該系列產品因為含「白樺精萃」（4-HPB）不當成分要全數回收。

台灣代理商「東方美」企業股份有限公司表示，提供二條日間客服專線給消費者詢問，「佳麗寶」0800-732-288、「RMK」專線 0800-069-799，同時也提供消費者換貨服務，自即日起到8月10日止。

-------

法新社2013/7/04報導，日本知名化妝品品牌佳麗寶（Kanebo）今天宣布，旗下54種美白產品有導致皮膚白斑與膚色不均疑慮，將在全亞洲展開自主回收。出問題的美白商品，含有佳麗寶研發的「白樺精萃」（4-HPB）。

佳麗寶發言人說：「部分消費者抱怨，使用這些產品後皮膚出現白斑，我們懷疑與白樺精萃有關。」

佳麗寶已開始回收國內市場已售出及庫存的45萬瓶商品，也將回收在海外販售的美白產品。回收範圍涵蓋日本與10個亞洲國家與地區：包括台灣、香港、南韓、泰國、新加坡、馬來西亞、印尼、緬甸、菲律賓與越南。

AFP - Japanese cosmetics maker Kanebo on Thursday announced it was recalling 54 skin whitening products from all over Asia because of fears they could cause white patches and uneven colouring.

The cosmetics contain a substance called 4HPB, which was developed by Kanebo, the company said.

"Some consumers complained that they had white patches on their skin after using the products, and we suspect a link between the condition and 4HPB," a spokeswoman said.

The company is recalling 450,000 products already sold as well as all inventory from the domestic market.

It will also recall products on sale abroad.

The recall affects Japan and 10 Asian territories: Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

新聞來源：
http://goo.gl/XtCMh
http://goo.gl/IkcRL

カネボウ化粧品自主回収問題～ＣＳＲとは何だろう？

カテゴリ： 最近のニュースから

こんにちは。中村です。

ここ数日、ちょっと、テレビのニュースをチェックしない間に、女性には衝撃のニュースがあったことを知りました。

それはカネボウ化粧品の自主回収騒動！

化粧品の自主回収騒動といえば、以前にも「茶のしずく」石鹸の騒動もありましたよね。

「茶のしずく」石鹸の時は、確か、小麦アレルギーの方が使うと、アレルギー症状を起こしてしまうというものでしたっけ？

これに対して、今回の、カネボウ化粧品の問題は、カネボウが独自に開発したとされる、美白有効成分の「ロドデノール」

今回は、茶のしずくとちがって命に別状はありませんが、顔や手に白斑ができるというもののようです。命に関係がないならいいのか？といえば、もちろんそんなことはありません。

私も、小さなころから色黒で、中高とテニス部でラケットを振り回していたおかげで、長年、色黒とシミに悩む、「美白」という文言に目がない一人！

ですので、「美白」という言葉にすぐ惑わされるので(^^;)、美白ものはいろいろ試してきました。

今回のこのカネボウの製品は幸いに試していませんでしたが、それはたまたまと言っていいくらいのものです。

使用された方の落胆ぶりは想像に難くありません。

美白のために買った化粧品で、顔や手に白斑ができるということがどんなに辛いことか......。

ところで、このロドデノールと、白斑の因果関係は、実はまだわかっていません。

色の抜け方が千差万別とのことで、カネボウの化粧品が原因かどうかの決め手にかけるようです。

しかしながら、カネボウ化粧品では、「当該製品を使用し、白斑様症状を発症したお客様には、完治するまで責任をもって対応する」という基本方針を掲げ、全社を挙げて活動を開始しているとのこと。これはこれで一つの会社としての責任の取り方でしょう。

でも、もっと早くに解決することはできなかったのでしょうか。

カネボウ化粧品の見解としては、

①ロドデノールは、厚生労働省が、薬事法に基づく承認をした、医薬部外品有効成分

➁しかし、白斑との関連性が懸念される

➂そこで、「お詫びと自主回収についてのお知らせ」をリリース、その後商品の自主回収開始。

しかし、実は、カネボウ化粧品に最初に被害相談があったのは、なんと２０１１年だそうです。

でもその際には、その人個人特有の病気として処理され、製品との関連性は「なし」として処理されたそうです。

また、当時他にも複数の相談があったことも確認されています。

この時点で、カネボウ化粧品は「自社の化粧品に問題があるのではないか」という視点が欠落していたといえます。

本来は、リスク管理上、その時点で「自社の化粧品に問題があるのではないか」という予測の下、徹底検証し、「被害の恐れがあるかも」という予測がたった段階での自主回収が必要だったのではないかとも思われます。

ここで、ＣＳＲという考え方が要になってくるように思います。

ＣＳＲとは、企業の社会的責任（Ｃorporate　Ｓocial　Ｒesponsibility）の略ですね。

Ｗｉｋｉ先生によれば、ＣＳＲとは、企業が、利益のみを追求するのみではなく、自身の活動が社会へ与える影響に責任をもって、利害関係者や消費者、投資家、社会全体からの要求に対して、適切な意思決定をすることを指すのだそうです。

そして、企業の経済活動においては、各種の利害関係者に対して説明責任があり、そして、説明ができなければ、社会的な容認が得られず、信頼のない企業は持続できないとされるのです。

カネボウ化粧品の場合は、どうだったのでしょう。

２０１１年の「被害の恐れがあるかも」という段階で、自主回収に踏み切れば、今のようなブランドイメージの毀損は防げたようにも思えます。

確かに、このような「被害の恐れ」の段階で、多大な回収費用を必要とする決断をすることは、企業経営的に大変なことなのだろうと思います。

し かし、その決断が遅かったために、結果的に、「どうして、わかっていたのに対処しなかった？」といった疑問を、今、消費者に持たれていることは事実です し、企業としての説明責任を果たしていないと捉えられてしまいがちです。結果、社会的な容認をえることができず、これまで培ったブランドイメージを壊すこ とにつながってしまうのかもしれません。

今回のカネボウ化粧品のニュースを見るにつけ、ＣＳＲを真摯にとらえるという事は、現代の企業経営にとって欠かすことのできないものなのだと痛感させられます。

リスク管理やトラブルが生じた場合の最初の対応。

最初の段階で間違った方向に行ってしまうと、結果的に多大な損害を生じさせるということ。

これは今回のケースに限らず、様々な場合にいえることなのかもしれませんね。

何かが生じた時、誰しも自分の責任と思いたくないという気持ちがどこかにあると思います。

しかし、企業が社会的責任を果たすためには、単に法律を守るだけでは足りず（今回のケースも、ロドデノール自体は薬事法で認められた成分なのだから現時点では違法はないですよね）、説明責任や、トラブルに対する態度への決断が必要なのだろうと思います。

難しい話ではありますが、今回のケースは、企業のあるべき姿勢として、ＣＳＲの取り組みに対する試金石にもなるように思います。

当事務所でも、小さくはあっても組織である以上、自分たちなりの社会的責任を果たしていくように、日々、少しずつも取り組んでいかないとなあ......と思う火曜日の朝でした。

それでは、今日も良い一日となりますように！

品質眾生相 (58 ):

Quality and Service Delivery

QSD is a multidisciplinary research area that uses a range of methods to address issues of quality of care and service delivery. These include evidence synthesis, qualitative work to build theory, the development of interventions, and their testing in pragmatic trials as well as work focused on policy. Examples of current and recent work include qualitative explorations of continuity of care and the patient experience in prostate cancer (both funded by the NIHR SDO programme), a mixed methods examination of barriers to early assessment of patients with stroke or TIA (funded by NIHR RfPB)  and a trial of intermediate care clinics for diabetes (SDO programme) and a formative evaluation of a local service to assist decisions at the end of life.
We have a longstanding interest in the development and testing of methods of getting evidence into practice, and are fully engaged in the NIHR CLAHRC for LNR. This includes studies of methods of implementation, for example the recent update of our Cochrane review of tailored strategies, and studies of barriers and enablers of implementation in management of obesity in general practice or falls in emergency departments. We are also investigating means of translating research evidence into improved outcomes in projects with NHS Trusts. We have strong links with other research area's in the department, particularly cardiovascular epidemiology and ageing, as well as qualitative and quantitative methodologists, including members of the NIHR Research Design Service. Much of the research area's work is international, and includes ongoing collaborations with researchers in the US and Netherlands.

品質眾生相 (57 ):


“911”的第二天，世界就知道這是阿拉伯恐怖分子所為。很多阿拉伯商店、餐館被憤怒的美國人砸了。

一些阿拉伯商人也受到襲擊。這個時刻，有相當一批美國人自發地組織起來，到阿拉伯人的商店、 飯館為他們站崗。到阿拉伯人居住區巡邏，阻止悲劇的進一發生。

這是一種怎樣的精神啊！

第三件事：

在美國賓夕法尼亞墜毀的那架767客機，本來是要撞向白宮的。後來機上乘客與恐怖分子搏鬥，才使飛機墜毀。

因為當時他們已經知道世貿大樓、五角大樓被撞的消息，他們決定，不能無所作為，要和恐怖分子進行殊死鬥爭。
即便是在這種情況下，他們還做了一件事： 決定投票???通過，是不是要和恐怖分子作鬥爭。

在這麼一個生死攸關的時刻，都不把我的意志強加給別人。後來全體同意，才去與劫機者搏鬥。

什麼叫民主，這就是民主。


品質眾生相 (56 ):似乎有道理  卻沒什麼 的假設

歐洲早晨大街上沒有什麼人，而美國早晨大街小巷有很多健身的人，甚至全天如此。
我有句言論：健身是一種品質。健身代表一種蓬勃向上的文化。
一個國家有沒有朝氣，看看它有多少人健身就知道了。

Science of Its Time

When Clean Was a New Concept in the Operating Room

• 

  International News Photos, Inc.

• 
• 

  National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

1934: Doctors and nurses wore face coverings to protect against the spread of polio, called infantile paralysis at the time.

Today, keeping things clean as a way to ward off germs and infections just makes sense. But before antibiotic-resistant superbugs became a hospital’s biggest concern, there were the bad old days when doctors would move from surgery to surgery without washing. And surprisingly it was only during the 20th century that sterilization evolved from a simple and very new concept into one of the most important life-saving practices in medicine.

Related

• Tracing Germs Through the Aisles (July 30, 2013)

Enlarge This Image

Associated Press

One of the world's most famous polio patients, Franklin D. Roosevelt, spoke to a young girl who also had the disease while on the presidential campaign trail in 1932.

In 1910, the United States was dealing with a public health crisis — the relatively unknown virus Poliomyelitis, more commonly known as polio, was infecting large swaths of the American population. The disease spread through cities and even climbed up the socioeconomic ladder into the ranks of the elite, infecting Franklin Delano Roosevelt, perhaps the malady’s most famous victim, more than a decade before his rise to the presidency. By 1932 the country was still struggling to contain infection rates —the vaccine that ended the epidemic would not be developed until the 1950s — but much had been learned about the way the virus behaved. Once it became known that polio could be transmitted through the nose and mouth many hospitals ordered their staff to wear one additional item: a simple plastic shield over the face, which kept the virus from spreading.

By the 1960s, hospitals were using a number of plastic items in the form of disposable supplies. The trend towards disposable products was credited in part to an even larger trend — growth in urban areas and the establishment of Medicare resulted in more people using hospitals. This influx of patients made disposable materials more affordable and necessary. But the idea of throwing away hospital supplies after one use was still strange and new, and its advantage had yet to be fully realized. In a New York Times article from 1961 describing the new procedure, Richard Rutter wrote:

“A pre-sterilized, disposable needle and other disposable-type equipment such as syringes, gloves, tubing, mattress covers, masks and waste container liners — is used only once and then discarded. Chances of cross-infection are said to be reduced drastically.”

As hospitals began focusing on infection rates, sterilization became their biggest priority. In 1971 St. Luke’s hospital in Denver decided to tackle its 9 percent post-operative infection rate through the use of a “clean room,” which included additional safeguards for patients during especially infection-prone surgeries. The state of the art surgical suite included fish-bowl helmets and fully enclosed astronaut-style suits developed by NASA. As a result St. Luke’s saw its infection rate drop to less than 0.5 percent and the rooms (minus the fish bowl helmets) are still used in many hospitals today.

As modern medicine advances we reap the benefits of better drugs, safer surgeries and smarter practices. But in some ways we’ve only created new problems. Should we worry about sterilization the way we’ve come to worry about antibiotic resistance? Is it possible to be too clean? Some experts argue that the more bacteria you embrace the healthier you are, and sterilization removes this good bacteria from the environment. But in many cases a clean hospital room means the difference between life or death. Like the invention of penicillin, sterilization has transformed modern medicine for the better, at least for now. 

• 
• 

  National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

   

   

   

   

   

   

品質眾生像 (65- 69): 狂犬病疫情，穿得有品味點，美國南部雨水過多. 蔬菜水果的質與量俱差

品質眾生像 (69):
依科學防止反應過當

• Scientists Seek to Rein In Diagnoses of Cancer
• 激素(荷爾蒙/賀爾蒙)對健康的影響

品質眾生像 (68):
美國南部雨水過多. 蔬菜水果的質與量俱差

With Too Much Rain in the South, Too Little Produce on the Shelves By KIM SEVERSON In deluged Southern states, the quantity, and quality, of fruits and vegetables are suffering.

品質眾生像 (67):

WSJ的第2則關於品質的說法是太"孤芳自賞"  要看顧客的學習和市場的選擇餘地等等
蘋果亞洲供應商的長期前景不容樂觀可能
儘管蘋果公司的亞洲供應商正因強勁的iPhone銷量獲得提振，但這些為蘋果的智能手機和平板電腦代工晶片和面板的企業長期前景不容樂觀。

蘋果應該改一改“重質不重量”的理念
相比產品的數量而言，蘋果公司更看重其品質。但蘋果智能手機的市場份額增速已陷入停滯。這提出了一個讓人苦惱的問題：如果iPhone和iPad也走上了Mac的老路呢？

品質眾生像 ( 66)

(中國)千萬不要買低檔次衣服和鞋子，當然了，也不一定非得要買什麼天價的名牌，最好的就是正規的商品。也可以廉價，但不至於是地攤上的冒牌。因為你改變不了自己的相貌和身材，但你總可以穿得有品味點吧，這樣，你就可以用得體的服裝來改變你的氣質。不管別人怎麼想，你穿的好點總該是表現自己愛自己吧。

品質眾生像 (65- )
 台灣狂犬病疫情可能涉及農委會隱瞞疫情以及無力應付的窘局

疫情連環爆 全台僅4檢驗員

2013年07月29日

家衛所收到各地送驗的可疑動物暴增，但僅有4名專業人員能檢驗。家衛所提供

上周染狂犬病鼬獾咬傷人案例出現後，全台唯一負責檢驗動物是否有狂犬病毒的農委會家畜衛生檢驗所，收到各地送驗可疑動物案例暴增，但家衛所僅有4名專業人員檢驗，目前優先處理曾咬人動物檢驗。專家憂慮，檢驗人力不足，恐無法因應日益擴大的疫情。

先驗曾咬人動物

家衛所具有國家級實驗室，負責動物疾病、疫學病理與病性鑑定技術等研究，位於新北市淡水，狂犬病毒由疫學研究室成員檢驗，8名成員中，4名是研究員，曾赴美接受狂犬病毒檢驗訓練，另4名是協助技工。
家衛所疫學研究組長李淑慧說，含她在內僅4名人力，有時一次送來2、3件也要同步進行，常工作到半夜也應付不了。因此把曾咬人動物列優先檢驗。

擬找動科所分擔

台 大獸醫專業學院教授周晉澄說，台灣極度欠缺生物安全實驗室，以致發生狂犬病疫情時，只有家衛所疫學研究組工作人員能做檢驗，人力極度不足。農委會應投入更 多人力及經費，速成立其他實驗室。東海大學生命科學系教授林良恭表示，家衛所人力不足，恐難應付愈來愈擴大的嚴峻疫情。家衛所所長蔡向榮昨回應，現正協調 台灣動物科技研究所協助進行檢驗。記者戴安瑋

品質眾生相 (61-64 ): 華航整流罩裂縫 靠客揪出

品質眾生相 (64 )

華航整流罩裂縫 靠客揪出

起飛前驚察 「沒看到不就等死」

2013年07月29日

受損的華航波音747-400客機經換整流罩後，昨晚返抵桃園。陳啟明攝

【陳 如嬌╱台北報導】華航客機整流罩出現裂痕、竟是靠旅客才發現！華航一架波音747-400客機，上周四從上海浦東機場準備飛回桃園機場時，起飛前被眼尖旅 客發現右發動機整流罩蒙皮有「ㄇ」字形裂痕，華航因此改調其他飛機支援。民航局官員昨直指這是人為疏忽，將進行調查。飛安會也指華航「太難堪」。

由於同型號的發動機整流罩過去在國際間也曾發生過十幾起因材質問題導致蒙皮受損案例，華航客機蒙皮出現裂痕原因目前已由原廠調查；華航表示，目前尚無法確認有同型發動機的客機數量，一旦原廠確認是材質問題，同型發動機的整流罩都會全面更新。

---

華航波音747-400整流罩蒙皮被發現有裂痕（箭頭處）。桃園議員楊朝偉提供

返台延誤8小時

華 航CI-502班機原訂上周四中午十二時零五分從上海浦東機場起飛，三百五十九名旅客登機完畢、空橋撤離，飛機準備離開停機坪時，有旅客從客艙窗戶往外 看，竟發現右發動機的整流罩上有「ㄇ」字形裂痕，通報空服員，再請機長察看後，研判是發動機整流罩蒙皮受損。經維修人員確認已超過原廠規定的損壞容許限 度，華航另調派飛機支援，旅客行程因此被延誤八小時。

---

地面檢查有死角

這 起消息昨也在台大批踢踢（telnet://ptt.cc）上引起網友熱烈討論，有網友說，若旅客沒看到不就等死。飛安會執行長王興中也指，華航須由搭機 旅客告知有裂痕實在是「太難堪」。飛機在外站的三百六十度地面檢查確實是看不到發動機整流罩有裂痕，但相關的損傷應可在不同的檢查時察覺。
民航局官員指出，蒙皮裂痕可能是地面作業餐車刮到，也可能是原廠材質問題，國際間已有十幾起同型號發動機整流罩蒙皮受損案例。該華航客機昨晚已修復，空渡回台後將作進一步調查。
官員強調，整流罩的作用是調整氣流，蒙皮受損不會對機身結構造成損傷，過去航空史上也有多起整流罩脫落，飛機安全降落例子，但華航未檢查到裂痕是嚴重疏失，將進一步調查相關人員責任歸屬。

蒙皮毀損釀空難

對於外界質疑華航二○○二年澎湖空難是因機身蒙皮出現裂痕，導致金屬疲勞，機尾掉落，飛機失壓墜毀，造成兩百多人死亡，開南大學空運管理學系助理教授盧衍良指，這次華航客機受損區域非客艙加壓區，損毀位置、面積或原因等都不能與澎湖空難相提並論。
華航副總楊子葆指出，整流罩蒙皮有裂痕，起飛前檢查卻沒發現非常不應該，華航會深切檢討，已要求相關人員在地面三百六十度檢查時須從窗戶察看。

華航客機蒙皮受損事件

★機型︰B747-400
★旅客人數︰359人
★航班︰上海浦東至桃園
★事件始末︰7/25原訂中午12時5分起飛，旅客卻在準備起飛時，發現右邊發動機整流罩蒙皮有「ㄇ」字形裂痕，機長決定停飛，旅客行程延誤8小時
資料來源：《蘋果》探訪整理

品質眾生相 (63)

.......將學習細分出階段性目標，在應用中學習知識，效果應該更好。著名平民教育家晏陽初20世紀初教海外修鐵路的華 工學中文，方法或可借鑒。晏陽初和陶行知等人一起，從常用漢字中選擇最常用的1300個，編成四冊《平民千字課》，每冊24課，每晚學習一課，為一小時， 共96小時學完四冊，那些當時不被人看重的文盲「苦力」，就能看書讀報了。晏陽初藉此教會了華工識漢字，同時讓他們學會了寫家信。

現在技術條件很好，也是改良教學的極佳機遇。比如孩子可以在國內開一微博或者微信，讓孩子能在與國內親朋好友分享、交流和互動之中，不知不覺地學習。當然如有公開的網絡空間，家長需要在隱私保護、網絡欺凌等方面加強支持、教育和監管。

書寫工具的變遷，也可影響教學方法。過去一些學習方法應大膽擯棄，比如一筆一畫照筆順寫字等。這種訓練，是過去手寫環境下的產物。現在大部分人寫字都是用電腦和其他工具錄入，不如多教孩子如何使用拼寫輸入法，或者iPad上手寫板的應用，甚至可以鼓勵他們學會語音輸入。

倘若教學質量始終上不去，僅靠家長逼迫，孩子帶着這種仇恨 去學，對於中文、中國文化、和孩子自己，都是褻瀆，那還不如早點退學。現在不學，起碼他們還多些時間玩耍，度過一個快樂的童年，對於中文還沒有那麼反感。 或許等他們自己長大了一些，上了高中、大學，青年人出於對自己身份的找尋，會去主動尋根，自己開悟，自己去找着學。

晏陽初先生稱，人的頭腦是「腦礦」，這些人是「人礦」，用 今天的話來說，是人力資源。如今的一些家長和學校，由於方法失當，把「腦礦」教成了腦殘，把「人礦」榨成了人渣。海外中文學校，在某種程度上也是中國教育 思維和方法，降落在美國的「飛地」。中文學校的挫敗，在某種程度上也凸顯了中國教育思維存在的種種問題。這種挫敗和國內外語教學的失敗異曲同工，只不過後 者你還可以怪「體制」，但是家庭環境和家長思維，在孩子成長中扮演的角色，再強調也不為過。倘若家長思維不改變，「體制」改了也收效甚微。無獨有偶，與中 文學校問題相對的一個現象，是北京上海的一些家庭，強制讓孩子兩三歲就學英語，進國際班，讓孩子生活在另外一個「氣泡」或曰「金魚缸」里，與自己所看不慣 的周遭環境隔絕。海外中文學校的種種失敗，或許也可給這些家長敲上一記警鐘。

南橋，曾做過多年文學翻譯，現在美國高校從事課程設計工作，關注教育的理念和方法在跨文化語境下的轉換和借鑒，著有教育文集《知識不是力量》、《及格主義》等。
http://cn.nytimes.com/education/20130723/cc23language/zh-hant/


品質眾生相 (62)

這種想法只是有點道裡. 基本的問題是工作機會與企業與社會的融合才更重要. 中國廠的產品可以滿足該國的較為貧困的人的"需求".....

劉梅芳

我現在終於明白為什麼西班牙這個國家會將中國大陸在西班牙的製鞋廠燒掉。 已開發國家的人注重的是品質，他們有的是好的品質以及精緻的手工製做的商品，他們不要便宜，粗製濫造的東西。

中國人卻將他們低劣的生活品質，以及商品，生活方式，以為全世界的人都跟他們一樣喜歡粗糙設計，低劣手工的商品。 這種一廂情願的推銷方式，讓所有已開發國家的人受不了。 中國人不能自以為全世界的人都跟他們一樣窮，窮到花錢去買低劣品質的商品。 中國人應該清醒，已開發國家的人，會花適度的金錢，去買好的品質的商品。 而不會花很少的錢，去買粗製濫造的東西。 請中國人停止強迫推銷，粗製濫造的商品。

品質眾生相 (61)
這次西班牙高速火車災害 . 日本的專家說該國擅自變更原設計. 將一節車廂改為動力車廂以致重量容易失衡出軌. 日本專家說該國與中國都是近年快速發展高鐵. 可是安全上跟不上.....

Scores Reported Dead as Train Derails in Spain By RAVI SOMAIYA and FRANCES ROBLES A high-speed passenger train crashed in northwestern Spain on Wednesday night, killing at least 77 people and leaving at least 100 injured, according to judicial sources and local news reports. 西班牙火車出軌　肇事司機臉書：超速真爽 2013年07月26日21:09 【綜合報導】西班牙北部火車出軌事故，警方已將死亡數字由原先的80人，下修至78人，並以涉嫌魯莽駕駛罪名，正式拘查火車司機加爾松(Francisco Jose Garzon)。 警方表示，加爾松目前仍在醫院接受治療，無法取得口供，但並未透露他的傷勢詳情。警方已取得肇事火車的行車紀錄器，聽到加爾松大喊「出軌了，我該怎麼辦」，紀錄器內容相信有助調查事故真相。 52歲的加爾松有超速前科，當地媒體揭發他去年3月曾在自己的《臉書》(facebook)上傳超速照片，儀表板顯示時速達高達200公里，還寫道「衝過警察的頭讓他們的警槍吃灰塵，好爽﹗」。

品質眾生相 (51-55 ): Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar美麗的爛紅蘋果/螺絲的品質(日本の自動車産業)/ 網路留言/台北愛樂電子報

品質眾生相 (55 ):

昨天志工培訓，老師說佛洛伊德講「有時候作夢不是都有隱喻，夢見煙斗只不過就是一支煙斗」。.....
 Hanching Chung 重要的是顧身體其他長短都是身外物. S. Freud的話如果說明出處更好. 煩你問問老師.....
 謝永祿 Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar.(S.Freud)〜學長，這是暫查得佛氏的名言，說法來自台中教育大學美術系陳懷恩副教授，他畢業於東海哲研博士班〜

 Hanching Chung 因為此句是西方在FREUD死後30年之後的人云亦云http://quoteinvestigator.com/2011/08/12/just-a-cigar/

Sometimes a Cigar Is Just a Cigar |

quoteinvestigator.comSometimes a Cigar Is Just a CigarPosted on August 12, 2011 by adminSigmund Freud⋯⋯

 品質眾生相 (54 ):

 真是謝謝 第一次點進去看此周刊
 http://www.e-classical.com.tw/money/epaper.cfm?id=698
 2013/7/22  No.000421  已經是發行8年多的電子報. 真不簡單

果然是1995年起的台灣第一台呢.
十幾年前我嫌她廣告多轉為外國的古典音樂台......
台北愛樂可能可以說是創業楷模之一吧.

品質眾生相 (53):

某家公司的網站採用5種語言可供選擇.
 我在其網路留言: 其業務經理來信說: "留言都是亂碼. 請將它們寫在此信上."


 品質眾生相 (52) 昔日一則筆記. 近年來他們日本已經無法如此浪費了

螺絲的品質

(藤本隆宏（ 2003 ）『能力構築競争：日本の自動車産業はなぜ強いのか』中央公論社. ...。藤本隆宏 {能力構築競爭：日本的汽車產業為何強盛} 北京：中信，2007)
這本書提到，日本車的螺栓等，都是客製的，而不像美國車多採標準品。這樣成本比較高。這樣，是否太超過一般的規格( OVER-SPEC)呢？

他說，這也難說，因為這些螺絲讓日本車贏得好品質的聲譽：二手車都很搶手、車價可維持高水準。所以，也許是值得的 。

 *****

沈兄現在人在中國

沈哥

剛削了一顆美麗的紅蘋果
充滿美味的期待…
想不到這顆攤上最貴的蘋果…
心都爛了…果肉也變色了…
咬了一口…丟到垃圾桶…
許多人光鮮亮麗…其實….

品質眾生相 (48-50): 《大學校園建築外部空間之品質》食品發黴，新子品牌的獨特品質需要經過歲月積澱

品質眾生相 (50):

《趙建中建築師紀念集》郭肇立編，私立東海大學建築系+趙建中紀念會出版  2013
 目錄6-8
第一篇 追思10-129
 第二篇 趙建中建築作品 131-68
 第三篇 趙建中著述 169-266
附錄二篇 趙建中生平事略/謝誌各一頁

睡前幾乎將此書翻讀一遍。 許多篇都很感人.....此書有isbn書號， 或許加上" 《大度山林 》新書發表"及"紀念會"的摘要， 再精編一番，應可"上市"，讓更多人分享。他過世之後，留下來的，是很有個性的小孩子性情之趙先生。 除了某(些)家人的長期日常生活負擔可能無法承受之外， 所有的關係人，可能都是友情的受惠者。
在建築專業上，以一篇沒交待"出處"/目的之《大學校園建築外部空間之品質》 (212-14)論文最好:11注解中，有3處提到Chris Alexander 等人的作品 ，有點出乎我意外。 只怕此論文太精簡，外行人不容易懂。
(許多人都不知道要"出書" ，所以沒機會多寫一番。編者也可能將某些人的"關係"分類錯誤.....)《大度山林 》(趙建中) 2012/ 《趙建中建築師紀念集》2013


品質眾生相 (49):

........ 我們需要更多的守門人，他們應該毫不謙虛地宣揚自己的歷史 和品質。「印在書上的新子品牌的獨特品質需要經過歲月積澱，」1946年Farrar, Straus出版社的第一本書目上的第一句話這樣宣稱。但是老品牌一旦合并，往往會失去其獨特品質。甚至連企鵝和蘭登出版社也不能倖免。他們的臨時新商標 是個有些尷尬的混合物，沒有邏輯可言——一隻巨大的企鵝把眼光從一座房子上移開。這是視覺上的必然妥協，顯示對兩家出版社各自獨特歷史的尊重。但是就像一 些愛打趣的人暗示的那樣，「隨意的企鵝」（Random Penguin，「蘭登，Random」亦有「隨意」的含義——譯註）這個名字也許更合適。

 Penguin Random House 豪賭: 看不見的成本推升

品質眾生相 (48): 食品發黴

羅東博愛醫院醫師洪浩雲在櫃子裡發現過期快一年的「杯子蛋糕」，好奇另買一條新鮮的來比較，發現過期蛋糕除口感較硬外，其他都差不多，他在臉書撰文，網友認為放一年都沒發黴，保存效果太「神奇」了。 國立宜蘭大學食品科學系教授林世斌說，有沒有發黴跟黴菌有關 ...


三頭六臂集  84   2008.12.15
昔日在讀 W A Shewhart 作品
其中一例是1920年代的美國紐約市麵包不合格之比率的管制圖
"不良率"相當高
因為他們不懂得或不肯加防腐劑
現在 可以添加的化學品實在太多
譬如說 上月來自中國的膨鬆劑等等
現在 又需談"極微量的管理"
所以工業產品的品質保證 更加困難


檢驗市售麵包蛋黃含防腐劑 恐影響肝腎
【中 時健康 楊格非／台北報導】2008.12.16 　　喜歡在賣場購買麵包的民眾可得小心，可別吃進了過多防腐劑，吃出問題來！台北市衛生局公布最新市售麵包、蛋黃派之防腐劑檢驗，共計33件，檢驗結果8 件產品不符合規定，不合格率高達24.2%。

　　如果依照這個檢驗報告來推估，坊間賣場所出售的麵包中，每四個麵包中，就有一個麵包、蛋黃派含有過量苯甲酸、己二烯酸、去水醋酸、丙酸等防腐劑。

　　該項抽查對象係以台北市大賣場、超市、便利商店等賣場為主，共計抽驗33件，包括蛋黃派7件、麵包26件，檢驗項目為防腐劑（苯甲酸、己二烯酸、去水醋酸、丙酸）。

　　檢驗結果發現，8件（1件蛋黃派、7件麵包）不符規定，檢出己二烯酸、丙酸混合使用，且這兩種防腐劑的使用量除以其用量標準所得之數值總和大於一，與規定不符。

　　販售不合格麵包、蛋黃派的賣場，包括知名的全聯社（台北吉林分公司）的法國麵包、黑糖麵包（台北大安分公司）；松青超市基河分公司的甜心麵包以及台北農產運銷華榮分公司的健康如意麵包。

　　另外，國防部福利總處台北市中區福利品供應站的法國奶油麵包，以及家福股份有限公司台北內湖分公司的藍莓派、蛋黃派，三商家購北市昌吉分公司的蘋果麵包。

　　台北市衛生局表示，長期攝食過量食品添加物，人體因不易排出，容易導致肝腎傷害。另外，己二烯酸可抑制黴菌、酵母菌及好氧性細菌，屬於一般食品常用的防腐劑，食入後會代謝成二氧化碳及水，屬於毒性較低的防腐劑。

　　至於丙酸的防腐效能很弱，可抑制黴菌生長，且毒性低，可使用於麵包、糕餅中，也屬於毒性較低的防腐劑，但這類防腐劑不可隨意添加於食物中或過量使用。

　　台北市衛生局已下令上述賣場立即下架違規產品，並追查上游麵包製造工廠，目前已請所轄高雄縣及雲林縣衛生局，依據違反食品衛生管理法第12條規定，處分製造業者新臺幣3至15萬元罰鍰，並令其違規產品沒入銷毀。

品質眾生 (43-45): 高質低價咖啡供應/英國小學 之野蠻評等制, U.K. Hospital inspections

 品質眾生 (45)

Hospital inspections to be more robust, chief inspector says

By Nick Triggle Health correspondent, BBC News

Fourteen hospital trusts have been investigated in light of their high mortality rates

Continue reading the main story

Related Stories

• Care cap to benefit 'one in eight'
• Failing hospitals: Are there more out there?
• Q&A: Hospital death rates probe

The way hospital inspections in England have been carried out was flawed and they are to become broader and more robust, the new chief inspector says.

Prof Sir Mike Richards said the system used by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) had been too narrow in focus.
He wants to recruit a "small army" of doctors, nurses, patients and carers to carry out inspections and ratings.
It comes as 11 trusts have been put into special measures after previously unidentified failings were uncovered.
The move was announced on Tuesday after the publication of an independent review led by NHS medical director Sir Bruce Keogh.
An investigation into 14 hospital trusts was launched earlier this year following the public inquiry into the Stafford Hospital scandal, which said the public had been betrayed by a system which put "corporate self-interest" ahead of patients.
The trusts were identified as they had the highest death rates in 2010-11 and 2011-12.
The probe focused on whether the figures indicated sustained failings in the quality of care and treatment at the trusts.
Only two of the 11 trusts that ended up in special measures had been facing sanctions from the CQC.
'Fair and transparent' Setting out his plans to reform the way hospitals are inspected, Sir Mike, who formally took up his post this week, said: "We are changing it because we recognise it was flawed."
He added the previous system, which involved carrying out themed inspections on issues such as nutrition and infection control, would be replaced by one that looked at the hospital in its entirety.
He said the changes were based on the methods adopted by the Keogh review, which he was invited to take part in.
Sir Mike said the size of the CQC inspection teams would be increased to more than 20 - they have traditionally involved about five people - to reflect the greater scope of the reviews.
They will be made up of patients, doctors, nurses and other professionals to ensure they had greater breadth of knowledge.
"I want to start building a small army of inspectors," Sir Mike said.
"These inspectors need to come from different walks of life, some of them will be practising clinicians who will come and do two or three inspections a year, some others will be retired clinicians, but importantly we are also seeking patients and carers and we will provide training."
Under the new regime, hospitals will also get school-style ratings of "outstanding", "good", "requires improvement" or "inadequate" - something that has already been announced by ministers.
Sir Mike said those deemed inadequate could also face being put into special measures, which involves teams of external experts being brought in to ensure changes take place.
And he said the CQC would be paying close attention to death rates, as well as other triggers such as patient surveys, mistakes and infection rates to see which trusts should be prioritised for inspection.
The new process would be "robust, fair and transparent", he added.
The first wave of 18 inspections is due to start in the next month, with the aim of inspecting all 161 trusts by December 2015.
Funding of £25m for the new initiative will come from extra money announced for the CQC by Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt in April.

品質眾生 (44):
評等能增進學童之品質嗎?
英國小學 之野蠻評等制



品質眾生 (43)
這種培養供應源的做法很平常.  問題是世界咖啡供應等規模頗大.
Coffee prices: Plenty of coffee, too few drinkers

Coffee Companies get Closer to Farmers
Programs Aims to Secure Premium Beans to Appeal to Discerning Consumers

BY JOHN REVILL

LAUSANNE, Switzerland—Coffee companies are increasingly lending support to farmers in Asia and Africa, part of efforts to secure premium beans as they compete for discerning customers.
On Monday, Nestlé SA said it was expanding a program in Africa that provides seedlings to Latin American farmers producing coffee for the food giant. Nestlé, the world's largest coffee seller, will also provide training and replanting programs to help farmers in Ethiopia, Kenya and South Sudan.
"We always need more coffee," Jean-Marc Duvoisin, who runs the company's Nespresso business, s

品質眾生相 (46-47): 孟加拉和印度的「豆腐渣工程」

品質眾生相 (47)

H&M等制衣商簽孟加拉安全協議

STEVEN GREENHOUSE, JIM YARDLEY 2013年05月14日

A.M. Ahad/Associated Press

救援人員在4月24日坍塌的工廠建築物現場，目前廢墟清理和搜救工作已基本完成。死亡人數已多達1127人。

上個月，孟加拉國名為拉納廣場(Rana Plaza)工廠區發生坍塌，致使超過1100人死亡。之後，幾家全球最大的成衣公司，受到了改善該國制衣廠工作條件的巨大壓力。周一，這些公司就一項里程碑式的計劃達成了共識，他們將會出資增強消防安全，改善工廠環境。

勞工和消費者團體稱讚該協議是一項重大突破。與此同時，孟加拉國政府也針對4月24日發生在首都達卡郊外的拉納廣場的慘劇，採取了應對措施。在最近兩天時間裡，政府承諾提高制衣廠工人薪資、修改勞動法規、簡化成立工會要求。

• 檢視大圖
  David Goldman/Associated Press
  亞特蘭大市H&M店內的顧客。作為孟加拉國服裝業最大客戶，H&M周一同意為該國改善消防安全和建築質量提供資金支持。
• 檢視大圖
  Munir Uz Zaman/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
  一名孟加拉國兒童給母親拭淚。她的母親認為，上個月達卡市郊薩瓦的建築物坍塌後，有親屬被埋在瓦礫之下。

相关文章

• 孟加拉大樓倒塌致上百人死亡
• 孟加拉國安全事故頻出是誰之過？
• 跨國公司，孟加拉國工廠安全的嚴重障礙
• 孟加拉國塌樓事件背後的「黑老大」
• 抗議組織者遇害引發孟加拉國大遊行
• 孟加拉工廠大火沃爾瑪難脫干係

國際品牌和孟加拉國政府同時公布的措施，標誌着一個重大轉 變。多年來，孟加拉國見證了全球制衣產業中一些最惡劣的用工行為。其工資水平為世界最低，起薪大約為每月37美元（約合227元人民幣），工廠的條件通常 不安全。可是國際品牌往往會努力推卸有關這些問題的直接責任，而政府通常並不熱心保護工人的權利。

但拉納廣場事件是制衣業歷史上死亡人數最多的事故，產生了 巨大的要求變革的壓力。瑞典零售業巨頭H&M和廣受歡迎的Zara連鎖店的所屬公司Inditex，在周一上午簽署支持安全計劃。幾個小時內，荷 蘭零售商C&A也簽署協議，英國廉價零售商店Primark和樂購(Tesco)也加入其中。

「對於我們來說，消防安全和建築安全是極其重要的問題，我 們在該領域投入了很多努力與資源，」H&M可持續發展部門負責人海倫娜·赫耳墨松(Helena Helmersson)說。「有了這項承諾，我們現在可以在這個問題上產生更大的影響。我們希望大家簽署協議，組成廣泛的聯盟，從而保證該協議能夠在當地 有效地發揮作用。」

H&M是孟加拉國最大的服裝購買商，人們認為該公司簽署協議對其他品牌產生了影響。該協議要求在西方零售商的資助下，對工廠安全進行獨立、嚴格的檢查，面對公眾問責，進行強制性維修和翻新。協議還提升了工人及工會的作用，以便確保工廠安全。

「H&M簽署協議的決定是至關重要的，」工人權利 共同體(Worker Rights Consortium)執行總監斯科特·諾瓦(Scott Nova)說。「H&M甚至超越了沃爾瑪(Walmart)，是孟加拉國最大的成衣生產商。該協議現在有了很強的動力。」這家總部設在華盛頓的工 廠監督團體，受到美國175所學院和大學的支持。

勞 工團體和其他組織已經在嘗試向包括沃爾瑪和蓋璞 (Gap)在內的其他品牌施壓，要求他們簽署該協議。「過去6個月，孟加拉國發生了多起工廠事故，包括拉納廣場事故，那裡正在上演悲劇。我們代表在事故中 喪生的逾1250名紡織工人，呼籲這些公司做出正確的事，」國際網絡工會(UNI Global Union)秘書長菲利普·J·詹寧斯(Philip J. Jennings)說。「這是一個非黑即白，事關生死的問題。」

有超過90萬人在網上請願，要求蓋璞簽署該協議。但該公司不願接受這項協議的法律約束力，因而拒絕簽署協議，並表示該公司已經僱傭了一名消防檢查者，還承諾提供2200萬美元貸款改善工廠環境。

卡文克萊(Calvin Klein)、湯美費格(Tommy Hilfiger)和艾索德(Izod)的母公司菲力士泛優遜(PVH)宣布將簽署該項協議。PVH此前已經簽署了這項提議擴展前的版本。新計劃將持續五 年，而上一份計劃僅持續兩年時間。周一，PVH還宣布，作為新計劃的一部分，將提供250萬美元，作為工廠安全改進的開銷。

同時，孟加拉國內閣在周一批准了對勞動法的修改，但修改還需要經過議會通過。孟加拉國總理的高級顧問高和·里茲維(Gowher Rizvi)表示，法規修改是政府逐步遵守國際勞工標準，提高工作條件的努力的一部分。

里茲維在電話採訪中表示，「工人安全和工人福利現在已經被提到首要的位置。」他說，對於這些修改的探討在拉納廣場(Rana Plaza)坍塌前就開始了，但他同意這場災難加強了對於改革的壓力。

他形容制衣業對孟加拉國的重要性說，「這是只下金蛋的鵝，不應殺鵝取卵。我們必須讓它發展壯大，必須扶持它。這就意味着要公平地對待工人。」

孟加拉國現在是世界第二大服裝出口國，僅次於中國。該國的低工資和監管缺失，幫助該國吸引了來自西方零售商和服裝品牌數十億美元訂單。這裡不僅工資是全世界最低的，而工會也因為在組建中遇到了障礙，而難以在服裝工廠中出現。一些試圖組建工會的工人遭到了解僱或受到了騷擾。

孟加拉國勞工部長米凱爾·施帕(Mikail Shipar)稱，周一內閣還取消了一項苛刻的限制。根據現行規定，組織者必須向政府出具一份名單，以顯示一家工廠內至少有30%的工人想要組建工會。但 這份名單最後將被轉交給工廠主，來驗證這些姓名的真實性。這一步驟被一些工廠主用來從事工會破壞活動，並解僱工會支持者。

這份名單將不會再轉交給工廠主，施帕說，去除了「在一家工廠中登記工會的重要障礙。」

其他修改涉及員工福利，將為工齡較長的工人提高遣散費和退休金；福利基金中的年金將會被平均化，這樣每一名服裝工人都將獲得相同的金額，不論其所在的工廠規模有多大。

孟加拉國有大約5000家服裝廠，僱傭了超過450萬人， 近80%是女性，其中許多來自農村，沒有受過良好教育。在過去，即便是工廠的低工資，也比下地幹活收入高。但隨着過去兩年里通貨膨脹加劇，制衣工人對於低 工資越來越憤慨。周日，至少有100家服裝工廠被迫關閉，因為工人們舉行示威活動，要求提高工資。

到周一下午，拉納廣場慘劇的死亡人數已經到達1127人。工作人員已經基本完成了廢墟清理和受害者搜尋，然而失蹤工人的家人，仍在那裡徘徊。

Steven Greenhouse自紐約、Jim Yardley自新德里報道。Julfikar Ali Manik自孟加拉國達卡對本文有報道貢獻。
翻譯：林蒙克、許欣

品質眾生相 (46):

印度房地產開發中的「豆腐渣工程」

馬蒂亞斯·埃查諾韋, 拉胡爾·斯里瓦斯塔瓦 2013年07月15日

印度孟買——最近的一系列建築倒塌事件引起了人們對這個城市大量粗製濫造的建築的關注。感覺好像每周都有最新災難的報道。死亡人數預計會隨着季風的增強而上升。

新聞媒體和政界的注意力主要集中在獨立前那段時間和獨立後 不久修建的大量老舊建築上。然而，年代久遠並不是導致孟買周邊的塔納市一棟建築垮塌的原因，發生在4月的那起事故造成大約74人死亡。那是一棟還在建設中 的大樓。（而且，和塔納的大部分建築一樣，那棟樓的建設施工是非法的，沒有任何官方機構授權和監管。）上月，孟買附近一棟有34年歷史的大樓倒塌，造成至 少10人死亡。上周，一棟建成約10年的大樓發生垮塌，造成至少六人死亡，二十多人受傷。年代久遠同樣無法解釋這兩起事故。

• 檢視大圖
  Andrew Holder

相关文章

• 民主徒有其表時，弱者瘋狂盤剝更弱者
• 紐約市區房價高？新德里笑了
• 在印度經商絕非易事

無形的因素，比如錯誤的城市政策和無節制的房地產市場投機，要承擔主要責任。

最近造成人員傷亡的建築垮塌事件中，大部分都發生在孟買的 邊緣地帶。在那裡，人們會發現大量草草建成的居民區。那些居民區是用來吸納孟買的中產階級白領的，這些人在孟買市裡找不到任何能負擔得起的住所。他們中的 許多人每天要坐幾個小時的火車上下班，火車非常擁擠，以至於時常出現乘客被擠下去的事件，而這正是投機者的狂歡所帶來的附帶損害。

充滿泡沫的房地產行業同時推高了建築物的價格和高度、加速 了建築施工的速度、降低了孟買及周邊地區新建築的質量。許多房產主要是被當做資產，會被買來再賣給投資者。房屋主人往往寧願房屋空着，因為這樣交易起來更 便利。這在一定程度上解釋了政府2011年進行人口普查時得到的結果。那次人口普查發現，在全球最擁擠的都市地區之一，近50萬處房屋和公寓是空置的。

從官方來看，可能只有高層建築能應對孟買的龐大人口和土地短缺，並以此證明了他們推崇高層建築的合理性。現在，孟買在建的高樓有幾十棟，高度在300英尺（約合91米）或以上。而且投資者正在計劃修建全球第二高建築，該樓高約2300英尺。

但長期以來，垂直發展的論調一直為建築師和城市規劃者們所 駁斥。每一棟高樓都要求在地面上佔有一片地區，因為新的高樓住戶需要輔路、露天場所和其他服務設施。此外，大樓修得越高，施工和維護費用越貴。而且，印度 低收入群體的預算也承擔不起高層建築，這解釋了為何過去十年孟買南部的高層建築更多了，但居住人口卻減少了。

遵循上述錯誤邏輯，當局正在推進貧民窟的改造，孟買各個區 域都存在貧民窟，據信，該市60%的人口都住在貧民窟。自20世紀90年代起，貧民窟改造局(Slum Rehabilitation Authority)主動請求投資者拆毀貧民窟，對土地進行再開發，只要他們將部分土地用於為拆遷的居民修建新房屋。

這種房屋難免會被擠壓成高層建築，以便留出儘可能多的土地 用於開發項目。這些建築通常都是粗製濫造的，並存在潛在隱患。相關的維護費非常高，而且僅僅幾年之後，生鏽、房頂漏水、牆面破裂的現象就會非常普遍。此 外，這些建築不適宜那種在家中進行的經濟活動，以及老社區常見的街頭零售活動。最終，很多人賣掉房子，搬到貧民窟。

政府所謂的「貧民窟」，而不是匆忙新建的住宅區，極有可能成為功能齊備的社區，這是人們生活的地方，有集市和社區慶祝活動時，步行街熙熙攘攘，在這種情況下，人口極其密集的情況也是可以接受的，在這裡，孩子們可以在知根知底的鄰居的看護下玩耍。

這些社區面臨嚴重的問題，比如不完善的供水及下水道系統，但這不是進行全面再開發的正當理由。升級人口密集的城市的基礎設施並不是一件複雜的事情。20世紀80年代，東京和和孟買部分地區都成功地完成了基礎設施更新，很多南美的城市如今也正在進行更新。

除此之外，我們發現這些社區中建築的質量比該市其他地方要好得多。在大部分情況下，這些房屋是由當地的泥瓦匠修建的。他們依靠在街坊鄰居中的好口碑獲得合同。這與大型開發商不同，他們通常在建築出售後就消失不見，更不用說建築倒塌的時候了。

隨着孟買市政府設法杜絕悲慘的建築倒塌事故，他們或許能夠從這些當地社區中學到一些東西，他們現在只把這些地方視作再開發的原材料。一些大型開發商也可以學習當地建築者的職業道德和技藝。孟買無法通過引入那些在不久將成為安全隱患的建築，來解決過度擁擠的問題。

馬蒂亞斯·埃查諾韋(Matias Echanove)和拉胡爾·斯里瓦斯塔瓦(Rahul Srivastava)是城市學協會(Institute of Urbanology)和本土城市(Homegrown Cities)計劃的創始人。

 Boom and Bust at the Same Time

By MATIAS ECHANOVE and RAHUL SRIVASTAVA July 15, 2013

MUMBAI, India — A RECENT wave of building collapses has brought attention to this city’s large number of poorly built structures. It feels as if every week brings fresh reports of a new disaster. The death toll is expected to rise with the monsoons.

News media and political attention have mostly focused on the vast stock of old buildings from the pre-independence period and immediately after. Yet old age wasn’t the cause of the collapse of a building in Thane, a city on the outskirts of Mumbai, that killed around 74 people in April. That building was still under construction. (And, like a majority of buildings in Thane, the construction was illegal — neither authorized nor overseen by any official agency.) Old age cannot explain the caving in of a 34-year-old building that killed at least 10 people near here last month either, nor the collapse of a building, about a decade old, that killed at least six people and injured more than two dozen last week.

Intangible factors, like faulty urban policies and unchecked real-estate speculation, bear the prime responsibility.

Most of the recent casualties have taken place in the far periphery of Mumbai, where one finds a sprawling landscape of hastily built residential blocks meant to absorb white-collar middle-class Mumbaikars who struggle to find anything even remotely affordable in the city. Many of them commute for hours daily in trains so packed that people routinely fall out — collateral damage of the speculative euphoria.

A bombastic real estate sector has simultaneously pushed up the price and heights of buildings, accelerated the speed of construction and lowered the quality of new structures in and around Mumbai. Many properties are conceived primarily as assets, to be bought and sold to investors. Owners often prefer empty flats because they can be traded more easily. This partly explains why, according to a government census in 2011, nearly half a million houses and flats are vacant in one of the most crowded metropolitan areas on earth.

Officially, the promotion of a vertical skyline has been justified on the grounds that high-rise structures are the only possible response to Mumbai’s huge population and land shortage. Dozens of skyscrapers, 300 feet high or higher, are under construction in Mumbai. Investors are planning to build, at around 2,300 feet, the world’s second tallest structure.

But the argument for verticalization has long been rejected by architects and city planners. Every vertical push also requires a horizontal spread — new high-rise inhabitants need access roads, open space and other services. Besides, the higher you build, the more expensive the construction and maintenance. High-rise structures are also outside the budget of India’s low-income groups, which explains why, in the last decade, south Mumbai has seen both more high-rise buildings and a declining population.

Following the same faulty logic, the authorities are promoting the transformation of slums, which can be found in all parts of the city and where over 60 percent of the population is said to be living. Since the 1990s, the Slum Rehabilitation Authority has offered to let investors raze slums and redevelop the land, so long as they devote part of the site to new housing for the displaced residents.

Inevitably, that housing is squeezed into high-rises, in order to leave as much land open for development as possible. These structures are often shoddily built disasters. Maintenance is expensive, and rust, leaking roofs and cracked walls are common after only a few years. In addition, the buildings are not amenable to the kind of home-based economic activities and street retailing that characterized the old neighborhoods. Eventually, many sell and move out to a slum.

What the government calls “slums” have infinitely more potential to become functional neighborhoods than the hurried development that replaces them. They are habitats where extreme population density is made bearable by pedestrian streets that come alive during bazaars and community festivals, and where children can play under the watchful eye of socializing neighbors.

The problems faced by these neighborhoods, like inadequate water and sewage systems, are serious, but they do not justify wholesale redevelopment. Updating the infrastructure of dense urban environments is not rocket science. It was done successfully in Tokyo and parts of Mumbai in the 1980s, and is being done in many South American cities today.

Moreover, we found that the quality of construction is often much better in these neighborhoods than in other parts of the city. In most cases, local masons build the houses. To get contracts, they rely on their good reputation among their neighbors. This is unlike large developers, who are usually nowhere to be found after a building is sold, let alone if it collapses.

As civic authorities try to stop these tragic building collapses, perhaps they could learn a thing or two from the vernacular neighborhoods that they now see only as raw material for redevelopment. And big developers could learn from the work ethic and craftsmanship of local builders. The city will not solve its overcrowding problems by promoting buildings that could become lethal liabilities in the near future.

'Never be without a project,'

今天我認真地地在YouTube看2004年Robert Hughes主持BBC的現代藝術家評介影集(各集約1小時)  The NEW Shock of the New –這是80年代初的The Shock of the New之續集---此節目後來BBC等2家出版過書冊，有漢譯本。

The NEW Shock of the New「第一集」中訪問/介紹包括David Hockney等數人。主持人Hughes在一篇「衛報」的That's showbusiness 一文中介紹說，很高興Hockney 試過攝影拼貼等「快速藝術」，重用地水彩直接紀錄，而這是。他最擅長的。

其實，片中Hockney充滿熱情地說，他將有另外一番冒險/嘗試 (project)。Hughes 說，你當然有不盡的項目(projects 點子多) 。

我為什麼對project 這字那麼敏感或有興趣呢?

我印象中最深刻的是，Joseph Juran  (「朱蘭」先生，1904-2008)跟兒子Donald Juran和統計學者訪客都墳別說：「你手中一定要有專案來幹活」（ "He always told me, 'Never be without a project,' and he never was," Donald Juran. Said. 即Juran忙到過世，都有事情（project）做而不會覺得人生無聊。）

Juran這輩子最成功的，可能是開創「撰述」持續改善的機制，譬如說他主編兼主要作者的 Quality Handbook，各版約11年更新一次，其間由顧問公司的教材和學校用的教科書，都稍有更新，這樣讓他有進步之機會。記得藥養成「一專案接一專案（project by project）的改善習慣」。

同樣的，戴明博士 (1900-93)在40-60年代，平均每10年要出版一本抽樣統計的書。80年代在全球主持著名的四日研討會和擔任顧問等工作之餘，還出版兩本很有份量的著作，作為他留給世間的遺澤。

George E. P. Box；吉伯特與蘇利文（ GILBERT & SULLIVAN)

轉危為安

Improving almost anything: ideas and essays‎ - 第 558 頁

George E. P. Box 著 - 2006 - 598 頁

(To be sung to the music of Gilbert & Sullivan's "When the Foeman Bares his
Steel") 1t•s distribution free! Ta-ran-Ta-ra Ta-ran-Ta-ra Due to Mann and ...

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhGtbPnsgn0

Improving almost anything 作者：George E. P. Box

購買此書 Amazon.com Barnes&Noble.com - $74.50 Books-A-Million Borders - $69.95 IndieBound Google Product Search 借閱此書 在圖書館中尋找此書 Masterworks in process improvement and quality technology-- by George Box and friends George Box has a unique ability to explain complex ideas simply and eloquently. This revised edition of his masterworks since 1982 clearly demonstrates the range of his wit and intellect. These fascinating readings represent the cornerstones in the theory and application of process improvement, product design, and process control. Readers will gain valuable insights into the fundamentals and philosophy of scientific method using statistics and how it can drive creativity and discovery. The book is divided into five key parts: * Part A, Some Thoughts on Quality Improvement, concerns the democratization of the scientific method and, in such papers as "When Murphy Speaks--Listen," advises managers to view operation of their processes as ongoing opportunities for improvement. * Part B, Design of Experiments for Process Improvement, illustrates the enormous advantages offered by experimental design in the pursuit of better products and processes. * Part C, Sequential Investigation and Discovery, shows how sequential assembly of designs allows the experimenter to match the difficulty of the problem with the effort needed to solve it. * Part D, Control, describes application of feedback control in the Statistical Process Control (SPC) environment. A simple graphical technique using Box-Jenkins charts is set forth to appropriately adjust processes to target. * Part E, Variance Reduction and Robustness, demonstrates how the existence of more than one source of variation may be used to achieve products robust to the environment in which they must function and emphasizes the importance of error transmission and data transformation in producing robust assemblies. A Foreword by Dr. J. Stuart Hunter allows readers to gain insight into the workings of a remarkable mind and explains how these ideas can greatly catalyze their efforts in process improvement. 更多詳細資料 Improving almost anything: ideas and essays 作者：George E. P. Box 著作人 George E. P. Box Edition: 2, revised, illustrated 出版者 Wiley-Interscience, 2006 原始來源：密西根大學 數位化日期：2007年11月20日 ISBN 0471727555, 9780471727552 598 頁

Wikipedia

George E. P. Box
Born	18 October 1919 Gravesend, Kent, England
Residence	United Kingdom, United States
Fields	Statistician
Institutions	ICI, Princeton University, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Alma mater	University College London
Doctoral advisor	Egon Pearson, H. O. Hartley
Known for	time series analysis, experimental design, Bayesian inference
Notable awards	Shewhart Medal (1968), Wilks Memorial Award (1972), R. A. Fisher Lectureship (1974), Guy Medal in Gold (1993)

George Edward Pelham Box (18 October 1919 – ) is one of the most influential statisticians of the 20th century and a pioneer in the areas of quality control, time series analysis, design of experiments and Bayesian inference.
He was born in Gravesend, Kent, England and originally trained as a chemist. During World War II, he worked on biochemical experiments on the effect of poison gases on small animals for the British Army. He needed statistical advice to analyze the results of his experiments but could not find a statistician who could give him guidance, so he taught himself statistics from available texts. After the war, he enrolled at University College London and obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics and statistics. He received a Ph.D. from the University of London in 1953.
From 1948 to 1956, Box worked as a statistician for Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). While at ICI, he took a leave of absence for a year and served as a visiting professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He later went to Princeton University where he served as Director of the Statistical Research Group.
In 1960, Box moved to the University of Wisconsin-Madison to create the Department of Statistics. He was appointed Vilas Research Professor of Statistics (the highest honor accorded to any faculty member at the University of Wisconsin-Madison) in 1980. George Box and Bill Hunter co-founded the Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1984. Box officially retired in 1992, becoming an Emeritus Professor.
Throughout his career, George Box has written numerous research papers and published many books. His most important books include Statistics for Experimenters (1978), Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control (1979, with Gwilym Jenkins) and Bayesian Inference in Statistical Analysis. (1973, with George C. Tiao). Today, his name is associated with important results in statistics such as Box-Jenkins models, Box-Cox transformations, Box-Behnken designs and numerous others.
He served as President of the American Statistical Association in 1978 and of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1979. He received the Shewhart Medal from the American Society for Quality Control in 1968, the Wilks Memorial Award from the American Statistical Association in 1972, the R. A. Fisher Lectureship in 1974, and the Guy Medal in Gold from the Royal Statistical Society in 1993. He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1974 and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1979.
The often quoted phrase, "Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful", is attributed to George Box.^[1]
Box married Joan Fisher, second of Ronald Fisher's five daughters. In 1978, Joan Fisher Box published a very well-received biography of her father.^[2] He supervized Lars Pallesen, who was appointed rector (president) of the Technical University of Denmark in 2007.^[3]

References

• Morris H. DeGroot (August 1987). "A Conversation with George Box". Statistical Science 2 (3): 239–258. doi:10.1214/ss/1177013223. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0883-4237%28198708%292%3A3%3C239%3AACWGB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3.

1. ^ Box, George E. P.; Norman R. Draper (1987). Empirical Model-Building and Response Surfaces, p. 424, Wiley. ISBN 0471810339. (more details at wikiquote)
2. ^ Joan Fisher Box (1978) R. A. Fisher: The Life of a Scientist Preface
3. ^ "Rektor fylder 60 år den 20. september" (in Danish). 2007. http://www.dgo.dk/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070920/NAVNE/709250017.

External links

• Box-Behnken designs from a handbook on engineering statistics at NIST
• University of Wisconsin-Madison home page
• ASQ: George E.P. Box Accomplishments in statistics
• Articles and Reports by George Box
• Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement
• Interview for the International Journal of Forecasting
• Royal Society citation
• Statistics for Experimenters - Second Edition, 2005 by George Box, William G. Hunter and Stuart Hunter
• Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (Several publications of George Box and his colleagues are available on the center's website.)

For Box's PhD students see

• George E. P. Box at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

[show] v • d • e Guy Medalists [show] Gold Medalists 1892: Charles Booth · 1894: Robert Giffen · 1900: J. Athelstane Baines · 1907: Francis Ysidro Edgeworth · 1908: Patrick G. Craigie · 1911: G. Udny Yule · 1920: T.H.C. Stevenson · 1930: A. William Flux · 1935: A.L. Bowley · 1945: Major Greenwood · 1946: R.A. Fisher · 1953: A. Bradford Hill · 1955: E.S. Pearson · 1960: Frank Yates · 1962: Harold Jeffreys · 1966: Jerzy Neyman · 1968: M.G. Kendall · 1969: M.S. Bartlett · 1972: Harald Cramér · 1973: David Cox · 1975: G.A. Barnard · 1978: Roy Allen · 1981: D.G. Kendall · 1984: Henry Daniels · 1986: Bernard Benjamin · 1987: Robin L. Plackett · 1990: Peter Armitage · 1993: George E.P. Box · 1996: Peter Whittle · 1999: Michael Healy · 2002: D.V. Lindley · 2005: John Nelder · 2008: James Durbin [show] Silver Medalists 1893: John Glover · 1894: Augustus Sauerbeck · 1895: A.L. Bowley · 1897: F.J. Atkinson · 1899: C.S. Loch · 1900: Richard Crawford · 1901: Thomas A. Welton · 1902: R.H. Hooker · 1903: Yves Guyot · 1904: D.A. Thomas · 1905: R.H. Rew · 1906: W.H. Shaw · 1907: N.A. Humphreys · 1909: Edward Brabrook · 1910: G.H. Wood · 1913: R. Dudfield · 1914: S. Rowson · 1915: S.J. Chapman · 1918: J. Shield Nicholson · 1919: J.C. Stamp · 1921: A.W. Flux · 1927: H.W. Macrosty · 1928: Ethel Newbold · 1930: H.E. Soper · 1934: J.H. Jones · 1935: E.C. Snow · 1936: R.G. Hawtrey · 1938: E.C. Ramsbottom · 1939: L. Isserlis · 1940: H. Leak · 1945: M.G. Kendall · 1950: H. Campion · 1951: F.A.A. Menzler · 1952: M.S. Bartlett · 1953: J.O. Irwin · 1954: L.H.C. Tippett · 1955: D.G. Kendall · 1957: Henry Daniels · 1958: G.A. Barnard · 1960: E.C. Fieller · 1961: D.R. Cox · 1962: P.V. Sukhatme · 1964: George Box · 1965: C.R. Rao · 1966: Peter Whittle · 1968: D.V. Lindley · 1973: R.L. Plackett · 1976: James Durbin · 1977: John Nelder · 1978: Peter Armitage · 1979: Michael Healy · 1980: M. Stone · 1981: John Kingman · 1982: H.P. Wynn · 1983: J.E. Besag · 1984: J.C. Gittins · 1985: A. Bissell, W. Pridmore · 1986: Richard Peto · 1987: John Copas · 1988: J. Aitchison · 1989: F.P. Kelly · 1990: David Clayton · 1991: R.L. Smith · 1992: Robert Curnow · 1993: A.F.M. Smith · 1994: David Spiegelhalter · 1995: B.W. Silverman · 1996: Stephan Lauritzen · 1997: Peter Diggle · 1998: Harvey Goldstein · 1999: Peter Green · 2000: Walter Gilks · 2001: Philip Dawid · 2002: David Hand · 2003: Kanti Mardia · 2004: Peter Donnelly · 2005: Peter McCullagh · 2006: Michael Titterington · 2007: Howell Tong · 2008: Gareth Roberts · 2009: Sylvia Richardson [show] Bronze Medalists 1936: William Gemmell Cochran · 1938: R.F. George · 1949: W.J. Jennett · 1962: Peter Armitage · 1966: James Durbin · 1967: F. Downton · 1968: Robin Plackett · 1969: M.C. Pike · 1970: P.G. Moore · 1971: D.J. Bartholomew · 1974: G.N. Wilkinson · 1975: A.F. Bissell · 1976: P.L. Goldsmith · 1977: A.F.M. Smith · 1978: Philip Dawid · 1979: T.M.F. Smith · 1980: A.J. Fox · 1982: S.J. Pocock · 1983: Peter McCullagh · 1984: Bernard Silverman · 1985: David Spiegelhalter · 1986: D.F. Hendry · 1987: Peter Green · 1988: S.C. Darby · 1989: S.M. Gore · 1990: V.S. Isham · 1991: M.G. Kenward · 1992: C. Jennison · 1993: J.A. Tawn · 1994: R.F.A. Poultney · 1995: I. Johnstone · 1996: J.N.S. Matthews · 1997: G.O. Roberts · 1998: D. Firth · 1999: P.W.F. Smith, J. Forster · 2000: J. Wakefield · 2001: Guy Nason · 2002: Geert Molenberghs · 2003: Peter Lynn · 2004: Nicola Best · 2005: Steve Brooks · 2006: Matthew Stephens · 2007: Paul Fearnhead · 2008: Fiona Steele · 2009: Chris Holmes

This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

Donate to Wikimedia

• Answers.com ▼
  • Home Page
  • Browse
  • Personalize
  • Print page
  • Email page
  • Translate page
• WikiAnswers.com ▼
  • Home Page
  • Browse
  • Recently Answered
  • Recently Asked
  • Unanswered questions
• Search
• Help

• 
  
• 
  

Search unanswered questions...

• Browse: Unanswered questions | Most-recent questions | Reference library

Enter a word or phrase...

All Community Q&A Reference topics

• Browse: Unanswered questions | Most-recent questions | Reference library

Technical reports

1. Studies in Quality Improvement: Dispersion Effects from Fractional Designs
by George Box and R. Daniel Meyer. (February 1986).
The expense of repeating measurements can sometimes be avoided by using unreplicated fractional factorials to identify factors that affect dispersion Publication(s): Technometrics, 1986, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 19-27
2. An Analysis for Unreplicated Fractional Factorials
by George Box and R. Daniel Meyer. (February 1986).
New procedures for analyzing unreplicated fractional factorial designs make them easier to use. Publication(s): Technometrics, 1986, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 11-18.
3. Analysis of Unreplicated Factorials Allowing for Possibly Faulty Observations
by George Box and R. Daniel Meyer. (February 1986).
Inaccurate data points are particularly troublesome in the analysis of unreplicated factorial experiments, but new techniques allow investigators to overcome this difficulty. Publication(s): Design, Data, and Analysis, Colin Mallows (ed.), Wiley, (1987), pp. 1-12.4.
4. Managing Our Way to Economic Success: Two Untapped Resources
by William G. Hunter. (February 1986).
American organizations could compete much better at home and abroad if they would learn to tap the potential information inherent in all processes and the creativity inherent in all employees.
5. My First Trip to Japan
by Peter R. Scholtes. (February 1986).
American visitors to Japan can learn much about what it takes to successfully implement quality improvement.
6. Total Quality Leadership vs. Management
by Control by Brian L. Joiner and Peter R. Scholtes. (February 1988).
To survive in increasingly tough markets, top management in American companies will have to forsake their desire to "control" their employees, and instead learn what it means to provide Total Quality Leadership.
7. Studies in Quality Improvement: Designing Environmental Regulations
by Soren Bisgaard and William G. Hunter. (February 1986).
There is a surprising similarity between what SPC provides for industries and the need for constructing sensitive, reliable standards for environmental regulations. Publication(s): US EPA-230-03-047 publication, Paul I. Feder (ed.), Washington, DC, (1987), pp. 41-53.
8. Studies in Quality Improvement: Minimizing Transmitted Variation
by Parameter Design by George Box and Conrad A. Fung. (February 1986).
By properly designing products and taking the inevitable variation in components into account, engineers can minimize the amount of variation that ultimately shows up in finished products.
9. A Useful Method for Model-Building II: Synthesizing Response Functions from Individual Components
by William G. Hunter and Andrzej P. Jaworski. (February 1986).
Analyzing which components of a response are due to each factor is an alternative way to find the best model for studying the properties of a product or process (and thus for improving both). Publication(s): Technometrics, 1986, Vol. 28, No. 4, November (1986), pp. 321-327.
10. The Next 25 Years in Statistics
by William J. Hill and William G. Hunter (With contributions by Joseph W. Duncan, A. Blanton Godfrey, Brian L. Joiner, Gary C. McDonald, Charles G. Pfeifer, Donald W. Marquardt, and Ronald D. Snee). (February 1986).
A transformation of the American style of management has already begun; in order for it to succeed, statisticians must assume a leadership role. Publication(s): Chance, 1990, No. 1, pp. 38-39.

• Tech Reports 11-20
• Tech Reports 21-30
• Tech Reports 31-40
• Tech Reports 41-50
• Tech Reports 51-60
• Tech Reports 61-70
• Tech Reports 71-80
• Tech Reports 81-90
• Tech Reports 91-100
• Tech Reports 101-110
• Tech Reports 111-120
• Tech Reports 121-130
• Tech Reports 131-140
• Tech Reports 141-150
• Tech Reports 151-160
• Tech Reports 161-170
• Tech Reports 171-180
• Tech Reports 181-188

Learn More

EVOP

『吉伯特與蘇利文』（ GILBERT & SULLIVAN）

輕歌劇

A. James 著的『吉伯特與蘇利文』（台北：智庫文化，1996，第 208頁）WHEN THE FOEMAN BEARS HIS STEEL LYRICS