品質眾生相(32-35): 生活品質無法外造 。 中國與日本: 鐵的質與量, Sustainable Manufacturing

品質眾生相(35)

As I speak with CEOs around the country about their current and future priorities, I am encountering a growing interest in sustainable manufacturing. By sustainable manufacturing, I mean essentially the creation of manufactured products with processes that minimize negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and natural resources, are safe for employees, communities and consumers, are economically competitive and add value.

The sustainability movement can be historically traced to the focus on total quality improvements popularized by the great W. Edwards Deming, whose genius inspired the Japanese quality revolution in the 1950s, and eventually had a tremendous impact on U.S. industry that continues to this day. I have no doubt Deming would be an enthusiastic champion of sustainable manufacturing.

To some, sustainable manufacturing is synonymous with "green manufacturing" and without question environmental concerns are a key aspect of it. The movement is being driven in large part by a new generation of young people who are acutely conscious of threats to our environment and are determined to improve the communities they live in.

A recent survey of nearly 3,000 companies, reported on the Environmental Protection Agency's web site, found that two-thirds agreed that "sustainability was critically important to being competitive in today's marketplace." As an indicator of growing interest in the corporate sector, 93 of the 100 S&P 100 companies offer sustainability information on their web sites.

A variety of companies are in the forefront of this campaign. For example, Anheuser Busch has saved enough water to produce 25 billion cans of beer, saving millions of dollars in the process. Dow Chemical has reduced energy consumption up to 1.5 megawatts per year, saving money and reducing carbon emissions. Freescale Semiconductor's Oak Hill fabrication plant in Austin, Texas, reduced its annual energy consumption by 28 million kWh of electricity and 26,000 million Btu of natural gas between 2006 and 2009, saving more than $2 million each year. What you see from these specific examples are companies that are making improvements in both environmental and economic performance at the same time. 

This is truly a grassroots movement sprouting up all over. For example, The Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing at the University of Kentucky will host its third annual forum on the topic this August in Lexington. The 11th annual Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing will be hosted by the Technical University of Berlin, Germany, in September. 

Predictably, the EPA devotes a good deal of attention to this movement, offering an array of interesting "Sustainable Manufacturing Tools" that companies can use to guide their efforts to get on board. It also offers a series of case studies of various projects underway to promote sustainability. This material is very provocative and I should think of great value. I urge companies to visit www.epa.gov/sustainablemanufacturing. Clearly, sustainable manufacturing is the wave of the future.

Jerry Jasinowski, an economist and author, served as President of the National Association of Manufacturers for 14 years and later The Manufacturing Institute. Jerry is available for speaking engagements. July 2013

品質眾生相(34):

這篇我自己沒看呢

【三星研究】（三）品質分三六九等，按需設計與制造

2013年第一季度（1～3月），韓國三星電子拿到了全世界智能手機市場3分之1的份額。如此之大的份額當然是世界第一，現在，該公司的智能手機產量在3億～4億部…… (詳見全文)

品質眾生相(33)

......日本鋼鐵企業表現強勁，還在於中國鋼鐵廠商萎靡不振。 　 按粗鋼產量計算，中國廠商去年有6家企業躋身「世界前10」。但今年業績均表現低迷，股價也處於「低空飛行」姿態。

　 實際上，正在受到中國企業影響的是阿塞洛•米塔爾。該公司去年首次出現最終虧損，而其原因除了歐洲經濟低迷之外，還因為中國廠商在歐盟各國發動了低價銷售攻勢。

　 「歐盟（EU）應該提高來自中國的產品的關稅」。阿塞洛·米塔爾首席執行官（CEO）拉克希米·米塔爾最近發出了不滿。雖然新日鐵住金也受到中國鋼材的影 響，但作為大型客戶的日本車廠商在全球範圍內銷售強勁，受到的打擊比較輕微。由於希望避免連續2個財年出現虧損，阿塞洛•米塔爾正在積極對歐盟進行遊說。

　但是，中國廠商的發展非常迅猛。中國廠商輕易超越連續28年佔據粗鋼產量世界首位的新日鐵是在2009年。其後，設備投資也迅速持續擴張，去年的產量達到7億噸，相當於世界產量的近一半。此外，還擁有2億噸過剩產能。

　 「鐵即國家」。在歷史上，日本曾利用甲午戰爭的賠款建立了八幡鋼鐵廠（新日鐵住金的前身），而中國最近10年的政策與當時的日本相似，不計後果地追求「粗鋼生產世界第一」的傾向非常強烈。

中國鋼鐵泡沫很難消除

　 由此帶來的扭曲現象非常嚴重。對於中國政府提出的去庫存化和行業重組要求，鋼鐵廠商似乎置若罔聞。而與企業攜手競相擴大產能的地方政府為避免發生就業難問題，不斷為廠商提供資金支持，這些資金被用於增產等方面，進而又加劇了過剩，這就是目前中國的現狀。

　 中國鋼鐵廠商目前達到800家。產能今後仍將增長，這是肯定的，但如果不在適當時機改弦易轍，中國政府將為消除鋼鐵泡沫付出相當大的代價，這也是必然的。

　 為了擺脫「鐵即國家」，日本的新日鐵住金決定在全球市場展開戰鬥。今後將面對的是「鐵即國家」的中國。如果考慮到這些情況，新日鐵住金今後需要付出相當大的經營努力。「希望規模再大一點」，管理層如此認為的日子或許不會再來了。----日本經濟新聞（中文版：日經中文網）編輯委員　中山淳史: 「鐵即國家」的遠去


品質眾生相(32)

我們把所有會妨礙我們賺取利潤的社會活動全都外包出去，以為花錢請人幫我們處理，我們會有較好的生活品質，有更多時間去賺錢。  
結果，其實我們最後變成了只會賺錢，什麼都不會的機器。
小孩和我們一點都不親，不懂得下廚煮飯的樂趣，不知道家人在一起要做什麼好，人生只剩下工作。