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Older people who follow healthy diets may live longer, a study suggests. Research in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association found those who ate a low-fat diet that contained lots of fruit and vegetables lowered their risk of dying over 10 years.
研究顯示，遵循健康飲食的老人可能比較長壽。刊登在美國飲食協會期刊的研究發現，吃富含蔬果的低脂飲食者，降低了他們10年間的死亡風險。
The study compared the diets of 2,500 US adults aged 70 to 79. Those who ate a high fat diet rich in ice cream, cheese, and whole milk, had the highest risk of death.
研究比較美國2500名70到79歲的成年人，吃很多冰淇淋、起司、全脂牛奶的高脂飲食者，死亡風險最高。
Participants were split into six different groups, according to how often they ate certain foods. The groups were: healthy foods; high-fat diary products; meat, fried foods and alcohol; breakfast cereal; refined grains and sweets and desserts.
參加者根據多常吃特定食物分成6個不同組別，這些組別是，健康食物、高脂乳製品、肉類、油炸食物與酒精、早餐穀片、精緻穀類與甜點及甜食。
Researchers found that those who followed a predominantly high fat, dairy products diet, had a higher death risk than those in the healthy food group. No significant differences in death risk were seen between the "healthy foods" eaters and the "breakfast cereal" or "refined grains" eaters.
研究人員發現，主要遵循高脂肪乳製品飲食者，死亡風險比健康食物族群高。吃健康食物、早餐穀類或精緻穀類這幾個族群的死亡風險，並沒有太顯著的差異。
新聞辭典
refined： 形容詞，精緻的。例句：Eating a diet high in refined foods can lead to undernourishment, fatigue and weight gain.（吃含太多精緻食物的飲食，會導致營養不足、倦怠與體重增加。）
rich：形容詞，富於……的，有很多……的。例句：Pineapple juice is rich in vitamins A and B.（鳳梨汁富含維他命A與B。）
predominantly：副詞，主要地。例句：She is predominantly a dancer, but she also sings.（她主要是舞者，不過她也唱歌。）
Press Release
Eating Healthier Means Living Longer
2010年12月22日
According to New Study in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Media Contacts: Ryan O'Malley, Allison MacMunn
800/877-1600, ext. 4802, 4769
media@eatright.org
St. Louis, MO – The leading causes of death have shifted from infectious diseases to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. These illnesses may be affected by diet. In a study published in the January 2011 issue of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, researchers investigated empirical data regarding the associations of dietary patterns with mortality through analysis of the eating patterns of over 2500 adults between the ages of 70 and 79 over a ten-year period. They found that diets favoring certain foods were associated with reduced mortality.
By 2030, an estimated 973 million adults will be aged 65 or older worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the dietary patterns of a large and diverse group of older adults, and to explore associations of these dietary patterns with survival over a 10-year period. A secondary goal was to evaluate participants' quality of life and nutritional status according to their dietary patterns.
By determining the consumption frequency of 108 different food items, researchers were able to group the participants into six different clusters according to predominant food choices:
- "Healthy foods" (374 participants)
- "High-fat dairy products" (332)
- "Meat, fried foods, and alcohol" (693)
- "Breakfast cereal" (386)
- "Refined grains" (458)
- "Sweets and desserts" (339).
The "Healthy foods" cluster was characterized by relatively higher intake of low-fat dairy products, fruit, whole grains, poultry, fish, and vegetables, and lower consumption of meat, fried foods, sweets, high-calorie drinks, and added fat. The "High fat dairy products" cluster had higher intake of foods such as ice cream, cheese, and 2% and whole milk and yogurt, and lower intake of poultry, low-fat dairy products, rice, and pasta.
The study was unique in that it evaluated participants' quality of life and nutritional status, through detailed biochemical measures, according to their dietary patterns. After controlling for gender, age, race, clinical site, education, physical activity, smoking, and total calorie intake, the "High-fat dairy products" cluster had a 40% higher risk of mortality than the "Healthy foods" cluster. The "Sweets and desserts" cluster had a 37% higher risk. No significant differences in risk of mortality were seen between the "Healthy foods" cluster and the "Breakfast cereal" or "Refined grains" clusters.
According to lead author Amy L. Anderson, Ph.D., Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, the "results of this study suggest that older adults who follow a dietary pattern consistent with current guidelines to consume relatively high amounts of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, poultry and fish, may have a lower risk of mortality. Because a substantial percentage of older adults in this study followed the 'Healthy foods' dietary pattern, adherence to such a diet appears a feasible and realistic recommendation for potentially improved survival and quality of life in the growing older adult population."
The article is "Dietary patterns and survival of older adults" by Amy L Anderson, Ph.D.; Tamara B Harris, M.D., M.S.; Frances A Tylavsky, Dr.P.H.; Sara E Perry, M.A., M.P.H.; Denise K Houston, Ph.D., R.D.; Trisha F Hue, M.P.H.; Elsa S Strotmeyer, Ph.D., M.P.H.; and Nadine R Sahyoun, Ph.D., R.D. It appears in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Volume 111, Issue 1 (January 2011) published by Elsevier.
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