品質、 生產力與組織效能 (Quality, Productivity and Organizational Effectiveness)
宗旨: 這個兩天(12小時)的課程，目的是希望幫助學員了解: 20世紀半葉發展出的新整合知識，即，如何促進組織的"品質、
我將"品質、生產力與組織效能"用簡易的"鍾氏三角"來表示: 即"品質"、"生產力"與"組織效能"各為三角之頂點，
第一模組 綜述與組織效能: 開會技術(meeting technology)到一體團隊 (all-one-team)
第二模組 統計品管到品質三部曲: 規劃，控制與改善。
第三模組 精實 (LEAN)與豐田生產方式
第四模組 領導與開創/ 組織的轉型 ，持續改善 面面觀。探討我們的經歷和經驗/談 我所所知 道的台商之中國/亞洲廠之轉型經驗
Strategic Communications Means MBOs: Management
Viewpoint by Jorrian Gelink, Management Architect, WCW Columnist
“The most important thing about communication is to hear what isn’t being said.” – Peter Drucker
Improving management communication is a continuous and ongoing process across all organizations. The addition of the internet, web-conferencing, administrative assistants, technology such as the BlackBerry or software that uses “cloud” computing; all these tools increase efficiency but may have little or no impact on organizational effectiveness. The guaranteed result of communicating the wrong information faster is getting the wrong tasks done faster. The framework of effective and functional communication is through management by objectives.
Management by objectives is the allocation of tasks focused toward a single or multiple goals. In Stephen Covey’s book The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People, this would be “Beginning with the End in Mind”. Without concrete goals the entire team from the executive level down to the front line can follow, you fall victim to “management by inertia”: management by the way the environment forces you to manage. Of course, allocating the right tasks and making sure it is executed comes down to effective communication.
Consider the two scenarios below:
Company ABC in the Food & Services Industry:
Goal: Not passed down properly. “Inertia” goal is to “work hard and be productive”.
Management Communication:
Manager: “All right Sabrina, what I need you to do today is just keep busy, keeping cooking food so we can fill orders. Go, go, go and if someone else needs help, go help them as well.”
End Result:
Sabrina: “What a rough day today, I pushed myself to the limit cooking all this food for four hours straight and by the end of the day, we had tons of leftovers! My manager told me to just throw it out and to get ready for another day tomorrow. I also fell behind cooking because I was told to help everyone around me; I can’t stand it when my tasks fall through because of others!”
Company X in the Hotel Industry:
Goal: Create a memorable experience for each and every guest.
Management Communication:
Manager: “All right William, let’s do what we always do best and be creative with our guests. Yesterday, you had a customer compliment regarding the time you took during your break to deliver a magazine to her door. She was ecstatic and when she checked out of her suite brought it to my attention! Re-create that experience today, and let me know how it goes.”
End Result:
William: “Had an amazing day today, receiving a customer compliment always brightens up my day. Work is a breeze, I love being creative and coming up with new things I can do to make our guests remember me positively forever. Our hotel does well too, I have been seeing more clients come in and we can barely keep our rooms vacant! That’s why I work here, to use my talents.”
It is clear from these two examples which company performs and makes effective use of their time. From a management and direct engagement perspective, it is straight-forward on which company has stronger engagement leading to stronger performance.
The objective needs to be a concrete goal that one can gain experience from, build on new skills, find new and better ways to execute and develop decision-making processes within the employees. This indirect learning of skills comes from the human intuition to constantly find engaging ways to complete what they are responsible and accountable for.
Management communicating effectively through management by objectives is the core piece that defines whether an organization will succeed or ultimately fail. The separation of what one likes to do and what the situation requires of you is one that depends on what your core objectives are, and how you communicate them.
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Unboxed
The Rise of the Fleet-Footed Start-Up
By STEVE LOHR
Published: April 23, 2010
ERIC RIES and Steven Blank think they have a better way to build a start-up, one that takes less time and money to try new ideas and find paying customers. They are leading proponents of the “lean start-up” — a fresh approach to creating companies that has attracted much attention in the last year or so among Silicon Valley entrepreneurs, technologists and investors.
Jim Wilson/The New York Times
Eric Ries, left, with Farbood Nivi of Grockit, an online education network. Early on, Mr. Ries says, companies must create something there is a real market for.
Peter DaSilva for The New York Times
Steven Blank teaching at Berkeley. Since 1978, he has been a founder or early investor in eight start-up companies.
The concept is gaining a following beyond the Valley as well. “If it works, it will reduce failure rates for entrepreneurial ventures and boost innovation,” says Thomas R. Eisenmann, a professor at the Harvard Business School. “That’s a big deal for the economy.”
The term “lean start-up” was coined by Mr. Ries, 31, an engineer, entrepreneur and blogger. His inspiration, he says, was the lean manufacturing process, fine-tuned in Japanese factories decades ago and focused on eliminating any work or investment that doesn’t produce value for customers.
“This is lean manufacturing for start-ups,” explains Mr. Blank, 56, a serial entrepreneur.
Since 1978, he has been a founder or early employee in eight start-ups, both winners and losers. To cite a couple, Rocket Science Games, a once-promising video game maker, founded in 1993, cratered amid losses a few years later, while Epiphany, a business software company, founded in 1997, was acquired by a larger corporation for $329 million in 2005 — “one my grandchildren will be grateful for,” Mr. Blank notes.
Today, he advises start-up companies and teaches at Stanford and the University of California, Berkeley.
Technology animates the lean start-up process. Free open-source programming tools and easily distributed Web-based software drive down the cost of developing new products and services. The early companies embracing the principles live largely on the Web, which makes it possible to measure and track customer behavior constantly and to invite suggestions and criticism.
Internet companies have steadily taken advantage of the falling costs of getting up and running — often spending just hundreds of thousands of dollars instead of the millions that were required several years ago. But the lean start-up formula adds management practices tailored to exploit the Web environment.
The concepts apply both to designing products and to developing a market, and emphasize an early and constant focus on customers. To be sure, the methods often build on the work of others.
In product development, for example, Mr. Ries is an enthusiast of so-called agile programming methods, which emphasize rapid development, small teams and constant improvement. But, he adds: “The agile practices have to be adapted, shifting the focus somewhat from generating stuff to learning about what customers will want. Most technology start-ups fail not because the technology doesn’t work, but because they are making something that there is not a real market for.”
So the lean playbook advises quick development of a “minimum viable product,” designed with the smallest set of features that will please some group of customers. Then, the start-up should continually experiment by tweaking its offering, seeing how the market responds and changing the product accordingly. Facebook, the giant social network, grew that way, starting with simple messaging services and then adding other features.
The goal, explains Mr. Blank, is to accelerate the pace of learning. “A start-up is a temporary organization designed to discover a profitable, scalable business model,” he says.
Mr. Ries points to his own experience as a study in contrasts between the traditional start-up model and the lean approach. He was a senior engineer at There.com, a 3-D virtual world, from 2001 to 2003. There.com raised $40 million and spent years in stealth mode, building impressive technology, he recalls. But it had so much invested in one technology path and one business plan that the company lost its ability to change, Mr. Ries says.
To switch course, Mr. Ries joined a founder of There.com, Will Harvey, and in 2004 they started a company called IMVU, a social network in which users chat online and create personalized avatars. By design, it raised no outside money in the early going. “I didn’t want us to have the freedom to go for years without customer feedback,” recalls Mr. Harvey.
IMVU began as a bootstrap operation, a forerunner of the lean start-up model. Its early revenue goals were just a few hundred dollars a month. (Users buy clothing and other virtual goods for their avatars.) Today, while There.com has folded, IMVU claims one million active users — and is profitable, says Mr. Harvey, the chairman.
Many young Internet businesses have embraced the lean start-up principles of beginning small and getting products into the marketplace quickly in pursuit of paying customers. Several gathered last week at a conference in San Francisco, including representatives from Grockit, an online education network; KISSmetrics, a Web site measurement business; and Dropbox, an online file storage and sharing service. Others represented PBworks (Web collaboration tools), Flowtown (software for social media marketing) and Aardvark (a social network search service, recently acquired by Google).
THE rise of smaller, fleet-footed companies in the lean start-up mold is also bringing changes in venture financing. These companies are typically funded with $500,000 or so from professional angel investors instead of traditional venture capital firms, which are geared toward investing millions at a time. The venture capital investment may well come later, when the companies need money for expansion.
But, according to some Silicon Valley veterans, this means a shrinking role for venture capitalists in seeking and backing promising young entrepreneurs. That vital task in the food chain of capitalism, they add, is increasingly being taken over by major angel investors like Ron Conway, Dave McClure and Mike Maples Jr.
“Venture capital has to reinvent itself for this world,” says Mitchell Kapor, an angel investor who has made 25 investments in lean start-up companies in the last two years.
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