2019.1.23~24 的研席會議的read beads experiment，沒有投影機。也未又電腦表格。採用海報指兩張。
投影機往事（三）：從OHP到Pocket Projectors (2004)
讀MIT 的 TechnologyReview （October 2004），其中Innovation News 有 Charles Q. Choi 的口袋型投影機的報導。（如後文所附）
這PROJECTOR在西洋有「悠久」的歷史，所以Webster
's 1913 Dictionary 中的解釋為：
's 1913 Dictionary 中的解釋為：
\Pro*jec"tor\, n.
An optical instrument for projecting a picture upon a screen, as by a magic lantern or by an instrument for projecting (by reflection instead of transmission of light) a picture of an
opaque object, as photographs, picture post-cards, insects, etc., in the colors of the object itself. In this latter form the projection is accomplished by means of a combination of lenses with a prism and a mirror or reflector. Specific instruments have been called by different names, such as {radiopticon}, {mirrorscope}, {balopticon}, etc.
An optical instrument for projecting a picture upon a screen, as by a magic lantern or by an instrument for projecting (by reflection instead of transmission of light) a picture of an
opaque object, as photographs, picture post-cards, insects, etc., in the colors of the object itself. In this latter form the projection is accomplished by means of a combination of lenses with a prism and a mirror or reflector. Specific instruments have been called by different names, such as {radiopticon}, {mirrorscope}, {balopticon}, etc.
\Pro*ject"or\, n. [Cf. F. projeteur.]
One who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms
fanciful or chimerical schemes. --L'Estrange. 1.【人】 計畫者,設計者 /2. 【人】 (投機公司的)發起人
One who projects a scheme or design; hence, one who forms
fanciful or chimerical schemes. --L'Estrange. 1.【人】 計畫者,設計者 /2. 【人】 (投機公司的)發起人
不過，我不勝任這類科技史。我們只談一20世紀新字。OHP，我們現在常用的投影機：
overhead projector noun [C] (ABBREVIATION OHP)
a device which makes large images from a flat transparent sheet and shows them on a white screen or wall
(from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary)
a device which makes large images from a flat transparent sheet and shows them on a white screen or wall
(from Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary)
/3. 【物】 探照燈 /4. 【物】 放映機 /5. 【物】 幻燈機 /6. 【物】 【數】 投影線
我不知道OHP那年發明的*。不過 J. M. Juran 在1964年到日本上課帶一部去，可能是日本第一部。他上完課，就將它送給日本。
我也想像不出台灣1970s年代使用情形。末期才開始流行。80年代我常客串企管上課，所以準備了許多的投影片，包括太太幫我作些採色的。我1982在台灣工研院電子所的一場日本人唐 津一的演講，看到他使用彩色IC線路投影片。90年代初在日本看到彩色複印/投影片很普遍。1996年創業買一部。接下來LCD投影機開始流行，90年代末據說（重點）國立大學的老師幾乎一人一部。
2002年春，我去鹿港的寶成工業公司Nike事業不上課，找不到OHP了。台灣開始製/賣 LCD Projector.
跟華泰電子、佳美幼稚園借用OHP數次。
2014年，要辦漢清講堂。蘇錦坤先生說他一定要使用投影機才行。不得已，買了一部Epson牌的。從1964到2014年，日本商用領先。
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhead_projector
History[edit]
Also called a "viewgraph," the overhead projector was created by Jules Duboscq, a French inventor, in the 1870s.[1] It was first used for police work, and used a cellophane roll over a 9-inch stage allowing facial characteristics to be rolled across the stage. The U.S. Army in 1945 was the first to use it in quantity for training as World War II wound down. It began to be widely used in schools and businesses in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
A major manufacturer of overhead projectors in this early period was the company 3M, where engineer Roger Appledorn had developed a transparency projection system.[2] As the demand for projectors grew, Buhl Industries was founded in 1953, and became the leading US contributor for several optical refinements for the overhead projector and its projection lens. In 1957, the United States' first Federal Aid to Education program stimulated overhead sales which remained high up to the late 1990s and into the 21st Century.
History[edit]
Also called a "viewgraph," the overhead projector was created by Jules Duboscq, a French inventor, in the 1870s.[1] It was first used for police work, and used a cellophane roll over a 9-inch stage allowing facial characteristics to be rolled across the stage. The U.S. Army in 1945 was the first to use it in quantity for training as World War II wound down. It began to be widely used in schools and businesses in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
A major manufacturer of overhead projectors in this early period was the company 3M, where engineer Roger Appledorn had developed a transparency projection system.[2] As the demand for projectors grew, Buhl Industries was founded in 1953, and became the leading US contributor for several optical refinements for the overhead projector and its projection lens. In 1957, the United States' first Federal Aid to Education program stimulated overhead sales which remained high up to the late 1990s and into the 21st Century.
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