你有幾個“檸檬”同事？
作者：英國《金融時報》專欄作家提姆•哈福德(Tim Harford)
2006年5月16日 星期二
最近，我做了一件事，這件事從理論上講極不明智：我買了一輛二手
1966年，助理經濟學教授喬治•阿克洛夫(George Akerlof)試圖在一篇名為《檸檬市場》(The Market for
Lemons，譯者注："檸檬"在美國有"次品"之意)的論文中
阿克洛夫向我們表明，這個洞見可以演繹出若干戲劇性結局。買家對
更可能出現的結果是，只有那些低價、有問題舊車的交易市場可以倖
這是不是對舊車市場的合理描述，經濟學家們各持己見。例如，他們
但這其實不是關鍵之處，因為舊車市場僅僅是阿克洛夫的研究起點。
of Political Economy)拿出了更好的理由來拒絕他：這份論文的命題不可
《政治經濟學雜誌》說對了一半。阿克洛夫確實把經濟學倒了過來—
就業市場也是如此。你的同事中有多少人是"檸檬"？如果你很有能
這些問題都可以解決，但需要付出代價。為了杜絕高風險客戶，按揭
這些解決方案不僅代價頗高，而且也並不總是管用。我的沃爾沃用了
譯者/徐柳
Nobel Prize
"Little by little, step by step, women and men of ideas across the centuries and across the continents have wrested from nature a greater understanding of ourselves and also of God’s creation. Let that endeavor continue."
Wishing a happy birthday to economist George Akerlof, who turns 80 today.
Akerlof studied markets where sellers of products have more information than buyers about product quality. He showed that low-quality products may squeeze out high-quality products in such markets, and that prices of high-quality products may suffer as a result.
Akerlof shared the 2011 Prize in Economic Sciences with Michael Spence and Joseph Stiglitz "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information."
Learn more: https://bit.ly/2XcCa91
Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism
The global financial crisis has made it painfully clear that powerful psychological forces are imperiling the wealth of nations today. From blind faith in ever-rising housing prices to plummeting confidence in capital markets, "animal spirits" are driving financial events worldwide. In this book, acclaimed economists George Akerlof and Robert Shiller challenge the economic wisdom that got us into this mess, and put forward a bold new vision that will transform economics and restore prosperity.
Akerlof and Shiller reassert the necessity of an active government role in economic policymaking by recovering the idea of animal spirits, a term John Maynard Keynes used to describe the gloom and despondence that led to the Great Depression and the changing psychology that accompanied recovery. Like Keynes, Akerlof and Shiller know that managing these animal spirits requires the steady hand of government--simply allowing markets to work won't do it. In rebuilding the case for a more robust, behaviorally informed Keynesianism, they detail the most pervasive effects of animal spirits in contemporary economic life--such as confidence, fear, bad faith, corruption, a concern for fairness, and the stories we tell ourselves about our economic fortunes--and show how Reaganomics, Thatcherism, and the rational expectations revolution failed to account for them.
Animal Spirits offers a road map for reversing the financial misfortunes besetting us today. Read it and learn how leaders can channel animal spirits--the powerful forces of human psychology that are afoot in the world economy today. In a new preface, they describe why our economic troubles may linger for some time--unless we are prepared to take further, decisive action.
--
---
"Phishing for Phools"
我只想到放長「陷」，釣大「愚」
不過英文是把真義隱藏(fish→phis; fools→phools)，中譯則是把真義顯化(線→陷、魚→愚)。-----
COLUMBUS, Ohio -- Ohio has made some changes in its new-car "lemon law" on a request from automakers still struggling to get repair parts in the aftermath of this year's earthquake and tsunami in Japan.
A revision in the law offering consumer protections to buyers of troublesome new vehicles was tucked into the new state budget that took effect at the beginning of the month. It cuts car companies some slack if a natural disaster or riot makes it tough for them to get parts to fix a defective vehicle, The Columbus Dispatch reported Friday.
"What happened in Japan is such a huge issue, with so many parts and vehicle plants that were affected by the tsunami," said Scott Corbitt, director of policy and legislation for the Ohio attorney general's office.
In such occasions, the law now allows an unspecified amount of extra time for repairs before the car company is required to permanently replace the vehicle or pay a refund. However, during the extended wait, the car's owner must be provided with a loaner vehicle, Corbitt told the Dispatch.
A consortium of automakers sought the change, citing parts manufacturing delays in Japan following the magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami that devastated the country's northeast coast on March 11.
The Ohio law's new wrinkle is called a "fair trade-off" by consumer watchdog Kip Morse, president of the Better Business Bureau of Central Ohio.
lemon law
n.
A law obligating manufacturers or sellers to repair, replace, or refund the price of motor vehicles that prove to be defective.
---If life hands you lemons, make lemonade
Bibliography of major proverb collections and works cited from modern editions is available here.
Akerlof and Shiller reassert the necessity of an active government role in economic policymaking by recovering the idea of animal spirits, a term John Maynard Keynes used to describe the gloom and despondence that led to the Great Depression and the changing psychology that accompanied recovery. Like Keynes, Akerlof and Shiller know that managing these animal spirits requires the steady hand of government--simply allowing markets to work won't do it. In rebuilding the case for a more robust, behaviorally informed Keynesianism, they detail the most pervasive effects of animal spirits in contemporary economic life--such as confidence, fear, bad faith, corruption, a concern for fairness, and the stories we tell ourselves about our economic fortunes--and show how Reaganomics, Thatcherism, and the rational expectations revolution failed to account for them.
Animal Spirits offers a road map for reversing the financial misfortunes besetting us today. Read it and learn how leaders can channel animal spirits--the powerful forces of human psychology that are afoot in the world economy today. In a new preface, they describe why our economic troubles may linger for some time--unless we are prepared to take further, decisive action.
--
---
"Phishing for Phools"
我只想到放長「陷」，釣大「愚」
不過英文是把真義隱藏(fish→phis; fools→phools)，中譯則是把真義顯化(線→陷、魚→愚)。-----
Ohio revises lemon law, reflecting Japan disaster
Associated Press, 07.15.11, 01:18 PM EDT
COLUMBUS, Ohio -- Ohio has made some changes in its new-car "lemon law" on a request from automakers still struggling to get repair parts in the aftermath of this year's earthquake and tsunami in Japan.
A revision in the law offering consumer protections to buyers of troublesome new vehicles was tucked into the new state budget that took effect at the beginning of the month. It cuts car companies some slack if a natural disaster or riot makes it tough for them to get parts to fix a defective vehicle, The Columbus Dispatch reported Friday.
"What happened in Japan is such a huge issue, with so many parts and vehicle plants that were affected by the tsunami," said Scott Corbitt, director of policy and legislation for the Ohio attorney general's office.
In such occasions, the law now allows an unspecified amount of extra time for repairs before the car company is required to permanently replace the vehicle or pay a refund. However, during the extended wait, the car's owner must be provided with a loaner vehicle, Corbitt told the Dispatch.
A consortium of automakers sought the change, citing parts manufacturing delays in Japan following the magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami that devastated the country's northeast coast on March 11.
The Ohio law's new wrinkle is called a "fair trade-off" by consumer watchdog Kip Morse, president of the Better Business Bureau of Central Ohio.
formaldehyde
DOC 甲醛（Formaldehyde）檔案類型: Microsoft Word - 快速檢視
注意：甲醛為一易燃、毒性之腐蝕性氣體，當發生緊急事件時，易燃性、毒性與腐蝕性 .... 眼睛初次暴露在1~10ppm的甲醛溶液時會造成刺痛，當濃度在4ppm時即會流淚，甲醛 ...
lemon law
n.
A law obligating manufacturers or sellers to repair, replace, or refund the price of motor vehicles that prove to be defective.
---If life hands you lemons, make lemonade
From WikiLemons, Clinton Tries to Make Lemonade
By MARK LANDLER
After five days of headlines, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton sought to highlight the hard work of American diplomats.
WikiLemons,=Wiki+lemon
Clinton Tries to Make Lemonade
似乎是說 將就 維基解秘 :
Oxford Dictionary of Proverbs:If life hands you lemons, make lemonade |
And a little stand by-the-side-of-the-road is a good spot to learn from a wise saying: If life hands you lemons, make lemonade. But, we'd like to add, then market it, franchise it, and sell it to a major international conglomerate as a fresh fruit drink.
[1996 F. Popcorn Clicking iii. 408]
As a family, the Upshaws have developed a unique capacity, as Martha puts it, to make ‘lemonade out of lemons’—an attitude that has helped her to remain grounded.
[2000 New York Times Mag. 8 Oct. 57 (advertisement)]
You are the perfect example of the adage ‘When life hands you a lemon, make lemonade.’ Not only have you strengthened your marriage, you have discovered new interests.Related to: adversity
[2002 Washington Post 5 April C10]
Bibliography of major proverb collections and works cited from modern editions is available here.
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