1953

1953年

◎ 戴明博士在1953年的”行銷雜誌Journal of Marketing “「論必須把顧客的各種偏好表現為預測」(On the necessity of presenting consumer preferences as predictions, J. of Marketing, vol.xviii, No.1, July 1953: pp.1-5 )

開宗明義作了有關其知識論的重點說明：「知識必須有其時限」的原則，在科學上是為人周知的。不過我們這兒的主旨是把它轉變成行銷的語言，期能使行銷研究為經營者更有效利用。任何決策都包含對某一特定結果的期望。因此，任何決策，如果它要稱得上理性的，就要依賴一預測。一項決策假設做甲行動會導至丁結果……

◎ 最高主管在產業內統計技術的應用所應負的責任-- Management's responsibility for the use of statistical techniques in industry, Advanced Management, vol.xviii, 1953: pp.8-12)

◎ 「統計技術作為自然資源」Statistical techniques as a natural resource, 6th Annual Award of Deming Prize(1956)；Consultant., Statistisches Bundesamt, Wiesbaden, 1953和On statistical techniques in industry as a natural resource, Bulletin of International Statistical Institute, vol. xxxiii: Part v(1953?)

W. Edwards Deming, "On a probability mechanism to attain an economic balance between the resultant error of response and the bias of nonresponse," J. Amer. Statist. Ass., vol. 48, 1953: pp. 743-772.

Hansen, Hurwitz, and Madow, Sample Survey Methods and Theory, Vol. 1 (Wiley, 1953):

DNA: scientists Watson and Crick discovered the elusive double helix (1953)